Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
1492
1492

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of 1492 is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1492
Context Illustration Reading 1/26 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.
Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.
The siege had been long as the war had been long.
Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any I say yes of their own, and to their misery.
There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1492

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of 1492 is here in full — 134 sentences across 27 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/26 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.
/ˈsæntə feɪ roʊz bɪˈfɔːr miː ə kæmp ɪn wʊd ˈplæstər ənd stoʊn ə kæmp wɪð ə ˈpæləs ə kæmp wɪð ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/
Line 2
Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.
/bɪlt ʌv ə piːs wer noʊ taʊn hæd stʊd bɪlt ðæt ˈmædʒəsti ənd ɪts kɔːrt ənd ɪts ˈɑːrmi maɪt hæv ruːfs ənd wɔːlz nɑːt tents fɔːr soʊ lɔːŋ ə siːdʒ ɪt ˈkʌvərd ðə pleɪn ə ˈsɪti reɪzd ɪn ə naɪt/
Line 3
The siege had been long as the war had been long.
/ðə siːdʒ hæd bɪn lɔːŋ æz ðə wɔːr hæd bɪn lɔːŋ/
Line 4
Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without anyI say yesof their own, and to their misery.
Line 5
There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.
/ðer held fʊl ˈfleɪvər ʌv kruːˈseɪd æz ɔːl əˈlɔːŋ ðə wɔːr hæd bɪn priːtʃt æz ə kruːˈseɪd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crusade noun US /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading “There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.”

emulation noun US /ˌemjəˈleɪʃən/

ambition to equal or excel

From this reading “Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.”

flavor noun US /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading “There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.”

herded verb US /ˈhɜːrdɪd/

past form of “herd” — cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading “Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.”

livelihood noun US /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading “Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.”

plaster verb US /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading “SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.”

squares noun US /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading “Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.”

valor noun US /ˈvælər/

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading “Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

ambitionnounUS /æmˈbɪʃən/

a cherished desire

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

ArmynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The siege had been long as the war had been long.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading The siege had been long as the war had been long.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

BuiltadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

campnounUS /kæmp/

temporary living quarters specially built by the army for soldiers

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

churchesnounUS /ˈtʃɜːrtʃɪz/

plural of “church” — one of the groups of Christians who have their own beliefs and forms of worship

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

CourtnounUS /kɔːrt/

an assembly (including one or more judges) to conduct judicial business

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

coveredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌvərd/

overlaid or spread or topped with or enclosed within something; sometimes used as a combining form

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

crusadenounUS /kruːˈseɪd/

a series of actions advancing a principle or tending toward a particular end

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

desirenounUS /dɪˈzaɪər/

the feeling that accompanies an unsatisfied state

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

emulationnounUS /ˌemjəˈleɪʃən/

ambition to equal or excel

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

excitementnounUS /ɪkˈsaɪtmənt/

the feeling of lively and cheerful joy

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

FenounUS /feɪ/

a heavy ductile magnetic metallic element; is silver-white in pure form but readily rusts; used in construction and tools and armament; plays a role in the transport of oxygen by the blood

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

flavornounUS /ˈfleɪvər/

the general atmosphere of a place or situation and the effect that it has on people

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

gatheredadjectiveUS /ˈɡæðərd/

brought together in one place

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

heldadjectiveUS /held/

occupied or in the control of; often used in combination

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

herdedverbUS /ˈhɜːrdɪd/

past form of “herd” — cause to herd, drive, or crowd together

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

Hidalgo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

likewiseadverbUS /ˈlaɪkwaɪz/

in like or similar manner

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

livelihoodnounUS /ˈlaɪvlihʊd/

the financial means whereby one lives

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

MajestynounUS /ˈmædʒəsti/

impressiveness in scale or proportion

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

miserynounUS /ˈmɪzəri/

a state of ill-being due to affliction or misfortune

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

piecenounUS /piːs/

a separate part of a whole

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

piecesnounUS /ˈpiːsəz/

plural of “piece” — a separate part of a whole

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

plasterverbUS /ˈplæstər/

apply a heavy coat to

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

preachedverbUS /priːtʃt/

past form of “preach” — deliver a sermon

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

raisedadjectiveUS /reɪzd/

located or moved above the surround or above the normal position

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

ribbonsnounUS /ˈrɪbənz/

plural of “ribbon” — any long object resembling a thin line

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

roofsnounUS /ruːfs/

plural of “roof” — a protective covering that covers or forms the top of a building

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

rosenounUS /roʊz/

any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

SANTAnounUS /ˈsæntə/

the legendary patron saint of children; an imaginary being who is thought to bring presents to children at Christmas

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

siegenounUS /siːdʒ/

the action of an armed force that surrounds a fortified place and isolates it while continuing to attack

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

simpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

squaresnounUS /skwerz/

plural of “square” — (geometry) a plane rectangle with four equal sides and four right angles; a four-sided regular polygon

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

stoodverbUS /stʊd/

Maintained an upright posture.

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

tentsnounUS /tents/

plural of “tent” — a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There held full flavor of crusade, as all along the war had been preached as a crusade.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

valornounUS /ˈvælər/

the qualities of a hero or heroine; exceptional or heroic courage when facing danger (especially in battle)

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

warnounUS /wɔːr/

the waging of armed conflict against an enemy

From this reading The siege had been long as the war had been long.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Built of a piece where no town had stood, built that Majesty and its Court and its Army might have roofs and walls, not tents, for so long a siege, it covered the plain, a city raised in a night.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

woodnounUS /wʊd/

the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees

From this reading SANTA Fe rose before me, a camp in wood, plaster and stone, a camp with a palace, a camp with churches.

yesnounUS /jes/

an affirmative

From this reading Hidalgo Spain and simple Spain were gathered here in great squares and ribbons of valor, ambition, emulation, desire of excitement and of livelihood, and likewise, I say it, in pieces not small, herded and brought here without any “I say yes” of their own, and to their misery.

Chapter 4 of 1492 by Mary Johnston holds 134 sentences, grouped into 27 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of 1492 contain?

Chapter 4 holds 134 sentences of 1492, unabridged, divided into 27 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of 1492 by Mary Johnston exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 134 sentences, grouped into 27 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of 1492?

Work through the 27 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 27 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1492

Common questions about reading 1492 by Mary Johnston on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1492?

Yes. All 7464 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1692 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1492 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1692, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1492 take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1493 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1492 section by section

How to work through 1492 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 40 chapters of 1492 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1492

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1492, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1492; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Palos
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1492; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Jayme
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1492; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Marchena
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1492; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.