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1601
1601

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of 1601 is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1601
Context Illustration Reading 1/28 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”
--[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.
Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, O that we had a Rabelais!”
Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.
In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the bad boy of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1601

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of 1601 is here in full — 141 sentences across 29 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/28 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the TudorsBorn irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”
Line 2
--[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.
Line 3
Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”
Line 4
Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.
Line 5
In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, thebad boyof American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

anonymously adverb US /əˈnɑːnəməsli/

without giving a name

From this reading “Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.”

blasting adjective US /ˈblæstɪŋ/

causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin

From this reading “In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.”

irreverent adjective US /ˌɪˈrevərənt/

showing lack of due respect or veneration

From this reading “Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.””

overstuffed adjective US /ˈoʊvərstʌft/

upholstered thickly and deeply

From this reading “--[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.”

pad noun US /pæd/

a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading “Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.””

reveals verb US /rɪˈviːlz/

third-person singular of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading “--[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.”

scrawled verb US /skrɔːld/

past form of “scrawl” — write carelessly

From this reading “Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.””

sender noun US /ˈsendər/

someone who transmits a message

From this reading “Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.”

All words in this reading · 105

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1601

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

abusedadjectiveUS /əˈbjuːzd/

used improperly or excessively especially drugs

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

anonymouslyadverbUS /əˈnɑːnəməsli/

without giving a name

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

apostrophized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

badadjectiveUS /bæd/

having undesirable or negative qualities

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

blastingadjectiveUS /ˈblæstɪŋ/

causing injury or blight; especially affecting with sudden violence or plague or ruin

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

BornadjectiveUS /bɔːrn/

brought into existence

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

boynounUS /bɔɪ/

a youthful male person

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

ClemensnounUS /ˈklemənz/

United States writer and humorist best known for his novels about Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn (1835-1910)

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

contemptnounUS /kənˈtempt/

lack of respect accompanied by a feeling of intense dislike

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

conventionaladjectiveUS /kənˈvenʃənəl/

following accepted customs and proprieties

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

ConversationnounUS /ˌkɑːnvərˈseɪʃən/

the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc.

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

daredverbUS /derd/

past form of “dare” — take upon oneself; act presumptuously, without permission

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

editornounUS /ˈedətər/

a person responsible for the editorial aspects of publication; the person who determines the final content of a text (especially of a newspaper or magazine)

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

episodenounUS /ˈepəsoʊd/

a happening that is distinctive in a series of related events

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

expressionnounUS /ɪkˈspreʃən/

the feelings expressed on a person's face

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

FnounUS /ef/

a degree on the Fahrenheit scale of temperature

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

FiresidenounUS /ˈfaɪərsaɪd/

an area near a fireplace (usually paved and extending out into a room)

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

funnounUS /fʌn/

activities that are enjoyable or amusing

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

genteeladjectiveUS /dʒenˈtiːl/

marked by refinement in taste and manners

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

Holographnoun

handwritten book or document

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

hopingverbUS /ˈhoʊpɪŋ/

-ing form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

hugeadjectiveUS /hjuːdʒ/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

hypocrisynounUS /hɪˈpɑːkrəsi/

an expression of agreement that is not supported by real conviction

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

idiocies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

impishlyadverb

in an appealing but bold manner

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

irreverences

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

irreverentadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈrevərənt/

showing lack of due respect or veneration

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

LnounUS /el/

a metric unit of capacity, formerly defined as the volume of one kilogram of pure water under standard conditions; now equal to 1,000 cubic centimeters (or approximately 1.75 pints)

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

LateradverbUS /ˈleɪtər/

happening at a time subsequent to a reference time

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

literaturenounUS /ˈlɪtərətʃər/

creative writing of recognized artistic value

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

magazinenounUS /ˈmæɡəziːn/

a periodic publication containing pictures and stories and articles of interest to those who purchase it or subscribe to it

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

manuscriptnounUS /ˈmæn.jə.skrɪpt/

A book, document, or piece of music written by hand rather than typed or printed.

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

MarkverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

Meine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

OnounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

overstuffedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊvərstʌft/

upholstered thickly and deeply

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

padnounUS /pæd/

a number of sheets of paper fastened together along one edge

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

praiser

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

Rabelaisnoun

author of satirical attacks on medieval scholasticism (1494-1553)

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

remainverbUS /rɪˈmeɪn/

stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

revealedverbUS /rɪˈviːld/

past form of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

revealsverbUS /rɪˈviːlz/

third-person singular of “reveal” — make visible

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

reverentadjectiveUS /ˈrevərənt/

feeling or showing profound respect or veneration

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

richestadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtʃəst/

superlative of “rich” — possessing material wealth

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

SamuelnounUS /ˈsæmjuːl/

(Old Testament) Hebrew prophet and judge who anointed Saul as king

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

scathinglyadverb

in a scathing and unsparing manner

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

scratchverbUS /skrætʃ/

cause friction

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

scrawledverbUS /skrɔːld/

past form of “scrawl” — write carelessly

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

sendernounUS /ˈsendər/

someone who transmits a message

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

shams

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

SocialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

sovereignadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːv.rən/

Possessing supreme or ultimate power; autonomous and commanding.

From this reading --[Holograph manuscript of Samuel L. Clemens, in the collection of the F. J. Meine] Mark Twain was just as irreverent as he dared be, and 1601 reveals his richest expression of sovereign contempt for overstuffed language, genteel literature, and conventional idiocies.

submittedverbUS /səbˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “submit” — refer for judgment or consideration

From this reading Mark impishly and anonymously--submitted 1601; and that same editor, a praiser of Rabelais, scathingly abused it and the sender.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading In this episode, as in many others, Mark Twain, the “bad boy” of American literature, revealed his huge delight in blasting the shams of contemporary hypocrisy.

TimenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

Tudors

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

TwainnounUS /tweɪn/

two items of the same kind

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Later, when a magazine editor apostrophized, “O that we had a Rabelais!”

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Conversation as it was by the Social Fireside in the Time of the Tudors “Born irreverent,” scrawled Mark Twain on a scratch pad, “--like all other people I have ever known or heard of--I am hoping to remain so while there are any reverent irreverences left to make fun of.”

Chapter 1 of 1601 by Mark Twain holds 141 sentences, grouped into 29 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of 1601 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 141 sentences of 1601, unabridged, divided into 29 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of 1601 by Mark Twain exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 141 sentences, grouped into 29 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of 1601?

Work through the 29 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 29 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1601

Common questions about reading 1601 by Mark Twain on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1601?

Yes. All 464 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3190 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1601 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #3190, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1601 take to read?

About 38 minutes of reading across 93 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1601 section by section

How to work through 1601 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 3 chapters of 1601 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1601

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1601, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Conversation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1601; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Social
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1601; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fireside
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1601; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tudors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1601; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.