Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
1851
1851

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of 1851 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.
Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”
_Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.
THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.
The African had mounted his ostrich.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of 1851 is here in full — 160 sentences across 32 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.
Line 2
Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”
Line 3
_Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.
Line 4
THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.
Line 5
The African had mounted his ostrich.
/ðə ˈæfrəkən hæd ˈmaʊntəd hɪz ˈɔːstrɪtʃ/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

African adjective US /ˈæfrəkən/

of or relating to the nations of Africa or their peoples

From this reading “The African had mounted his ostrich.”

anderson noun US /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading “_Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.”

attract verb US /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading “THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.”

cracks noun US /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading ““Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.”

exhibition noun US /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading “THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.”

ostrich noun US /ˈɔːstrɪtʃ/

a person who refuses to face reality or recognize the truth (a reference to the popular notion that the ostrich hides from danger by burying its head in the sand)

From this reading “The African had mounted his ostrich.”

seed noun US /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading ““Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.”

waddle noun US /ˈwɑːdəl/

walking with short steps and the weight tilting from one foot to the other

From this reading “Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

set off verb + particle

put in motion or move to act

In this reading “Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.””

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

AfricanadjectiveUS /ˈæfrəkən/

of or relating to the nations of Africa or their peoples

From this reading The African had mounted his ostrich.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

ANDERSONnounUS /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading _Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.

AndrewnounUS /ˈændruː/

(New Testament) disciple of Jesus; brother of Peter; patron saint of Scotland

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

attractverbUS /əˈtrækt/

direct toward itself or oneself by means of some psychological power or physical attributes

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

aw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

Ay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

ComeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

cracksnounUS /kræks/

plural of “crack” — a long narrow opening

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

daddle

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

drawverbUS /drɔː/

cause to move by pulling

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

enounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

EXHIBITIONnounUS /ˌeksəˈbɪʃən/

the act of exhibiting

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

fast's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

fodder'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

gangnounUS /ɡæŋ/

an association of criminals

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

gi'e

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

gie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

GREATadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The African had mounted his ostrich.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The African had mounted his ostrich.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

I've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

ladnounUS /læd/

a boy or man

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

mountedadjectiveUS /ˈmaʊntəd/

assembled for use; especially by being attached to a support

From this reading The African had mounted his ostrich.

naigs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

nar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

newsnounUS /nuːz/

information about recent and important events

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

Newsmongernoun

a person given to gossiping and divulging personal information about others

From this reading _Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.

Nichol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

nine-tenths

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

nowt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

ostrichnounUS /ˈɔːstrɪtʃ/

a person who refuses to face reality or recognize the truth (a reference to the popular notion that the ostrich hides from danger by burying its head in the sand)

From this reading The African had mounted his ostrich.

ROBERTnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading _Nichol the Newsmonger._—ROBERT ANDERSON.

Sae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

seednounUS /siːd/

a small hard fruit

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

shek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

sight-seers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

smiddy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

stuil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

tenounUS /tiː/

a brittle silver-white metalloid element that is related to selenium and sulfur; it is used in alloys and as a semiconductor; occurs mainly as tellurides in ores of copper and nickel and silver and gold

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

waddlenounUS /ˈwɑːdəl/

walking with short steps and the weight tilting from one foot to the other

From this reading Ay, Andrew, lad! draw in a stuil, And gie us a shek o’ thy daddle; I got aw the news far and nar, Sae set off as fast’s e could waddle.”

wantedadjectiveUS /ˈwɔːntɪd/

desired or wished for or sought

From this reading “Come, Nichol, and gi’e us thy cracks, I seed te gang down to the smiddy, I’ve fodder’d the naigs and the nowt, And wanted to see thee—’at did e.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading THE GREAT EXHIBITION was about to attract sight-seers of all the world—the sight-seers, who make up nine-tenths of the human family.

Chapter 1 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 160 sentences, grouped into 32 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 1 holds 160 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 32 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 160 sentences, grouped into 32 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of 1851?

Work through the 32 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 32 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.