Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
1851
1851

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of 1851 is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.
Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”
_The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.
* * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”
MR.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter V

Chapter 5 of 1851 is here in full — 96 sentences across 20 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.
Line 2
Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”
Line 3
_The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.
Line 4
* * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”
Line 5
MR.
/ˈmɪstər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

can's noun US /kænz/

possessive form of “can” — airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.

gat noun US /ɡæt/

a gangster's pistol

From this reading “_The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.”

mak noun US /mæk/

a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world

From this reading “Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.””

sec noun US /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.””

sic adverb US /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading “_The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.”

signifies verb US /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading ““Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.”

slack adjective US /slæk/

not tense or taut

From this reading ““Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.”

yen noun US /jen/

a yearning for something or to do something

From this reading “_The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

common rule adjective + noun

In this reading “* * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.””

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

anither

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

Aw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

awnnoun

slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

bangverbUS /bæŋ/

strike violently

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

brouce

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

can'snounUS /kænz/

possessive form of “can” — airtight sealed metal container for food or drink or paint etc.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

CheatverbUS /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

comesnounUS /kʌmz/

plural of “come” — the thick white fluid containing spermatozoa that is ejaculated by the male genital tract

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

cudnoun

food of a ruminant regurgitated to be chewed again

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

cuddent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

decentadjectiveUS /ˈdiːsənt/

socially or conventionally correct; refined or virtuous

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

decleynin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

deevil

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

emnounUS /em/

a quad with a square body

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

eneugh

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

EpistlenounUS /ɪˈpɪsəl/

a specially long, formal letter

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

fash

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

fuol

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

Fwoaks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

ga'un

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

gangnounUS /ɡæŋ/

an association of criminals

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

gatnounUS /ɡæt/

a gangster's pistol

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

grankin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

greesin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

hillnounUS /hɪl/

a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

hingin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

hitheradverbUS /ˈhɪðər/

an old word meaning “to this place”

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

Hout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

kneave

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

Leyfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

leyfe's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

maknounUS /mæk/

a terrorist organization founded by Osama bin Laden in the 1980s to provide money and recruit fighters around the world

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

MRnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading MR.

nate

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

norconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

nowght

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

nowther

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

oftadverbUS /ɔːft/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

on't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

Owr

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

pleesin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

preesin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

prent

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

repeynin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

rulenounUS /ruːl/

a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

snounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

seake

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

secnounUS /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

sicadverbUS /sɪk/

intentionally so written (used after a printed word or phrase)

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

signifiesverbUS /ˈsɪɡnəfaɪz/

third-person singular of “signify” — denote or connote

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

slackadjectiveUS /slæk/

not tense or taut

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

snifteran

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

teasin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

tek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

that's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

There's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

tweynin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

twistin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

wheelsnounUS /wiːlz/

plural of “wheel” — a simple machine consisting of a circular frame with spokes (or a solid disc) that can rotate on a shaft or axle (as in vehicles or other machines)

From this reading Leyfe, mak’ the best on’t ’s nowght owr pleesin’, As every day some fash comes teasin’, An’ oft eneugh the wheels want greesin’ To keep them ga’un, Then brouce about nor tek sec preesin’ To nate our awn.”

wheynin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading * * * * * Cheat who cheat can’s the common rule, Fwoaks a’ cheat yen anither; For he that’s nowther kneave or fuol, God seake! what brought him hither.”

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading “Hout, man! what signifies repeynin’, Owr grankin’, snifteran’, twistin’, tweynin’, If down leyfe’s hill we be decleynin’, We cannot slack, Then gang on decent without wheynin’, Or hingin’ back.

wrang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

Year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

yennounUS /jen/

a yearning for something or to do something

From this reading _The New Year’s Epistle._ “There’s sic a gang in our town, The deevil cannot wrang them, And cud yen gat ’em put i’ prent Aw England cuddent bang them.

Chapter 5 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 96 sentences, grouped into 20 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 5 holds 96 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 20 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 96 sentences, grouped into 20 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of 1851?

Work through the 20 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 20 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 5 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 5 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.