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1851
1851

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of 1851 is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi Aggy compare; Tho thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.
At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An mourn nit for days that are geane.”
_The Days that are geane._ We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.
Now we git upnay, God kens when!
And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter VI

Chapter 6 of 1851 is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sinfirst we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, winew pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wiAggy compare; Thothy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.
Line 2
At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, Anmourn nit for days that are geane.”
Line 3
_The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.
Line 4
Now we git upnay, God kens when!
Line 5
And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

I's noun US /aɪz/

possessive form of “i” — a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)

mourn verb US /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading “At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.””

nit noun US /nɪt/

a luminance unit equal to 1 candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source

From this reading “At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.””

pot's noun US /pɑːts/

possessive form of “pot” — metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

ruse noun US /ruːz/

a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)

From this reading “_The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.”

Tho noun US /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading ““Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.”

thrive verb US /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading “_The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.”

wrinkle verb US /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading ““Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

agean

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

Aggy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

auldadjectiveUS /ɔːld/

a Scottish word

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

bednounUS /bed/

a piece of furniture that provides a place to sleep

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

boiledadjectiveUS /bɔɪld/

cooked in hot water

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

compareverbUS /kəmˈper/

examine and note the similarities or differences of

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

complainverbUS /kəmˈpleɪn/

express complaints, discontent, displeasure, or unhappiness

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

cudnoun

food of a ruminant regurgitated to be chewed again

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

deyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

fairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

fellverbUS /fel/

cause to fall by or as if by delivering a blow

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

fiftynounUS /ˈfɪfti/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and five

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

fivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

flownverbUS /floʊn/

inflected form of “fly” — travel through the air; be airborne

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

fwok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

geane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

gi'en

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

gitnounUS /ɡɪt/

a person who is deemed to be despicable or contemptible

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

GodnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

ha'e

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

hearted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

hilthy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

hungryadjectiveUS /ˈhʌŋɡri/

feeling hunger; feeling a need or desire to eat food

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

I'snounUS /aɪz/

possessive form of “i” — a nonmetallic element belonging to the halogens; used especially in medicine and photography and in dyes; occurs naturally only in combination in small quantities (as in sea water or rocks)

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

I've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

kens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

lang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

leet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

leyke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

monie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

mournverbUS /mɔːrn/

feel sadness

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

munna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

mworn's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

Nae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

nayexclamationUS /neɪ/

an old word for “no”

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

nitnounUS /nɪt/

a luminance unit equal to 1 candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

nuin's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

nwose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

owre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

pleasurenounUS /ˈpleʒər/

a fundamental feeling that is hard to define but that people desire to experience

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

pot'snounUS /pɑːts/

possessive form of “pot” — metal or earthenware cooking vessel that is usually round and deep; often has a handle and lid

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

richadjectiveUS /rɪtʃ/

possessing material wealth

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

rusenounUS /ruːz/

a deceptive maneuver (especially to avoid capture)

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

seyne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

shwort

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

SinnounUS /sɪn/

estrangement from god

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

suin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

teyme

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

teymes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

They're

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

ThonounUS /ðoʊ/

a branch of the Tai languages

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

thowt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

thriveverbUS /θraɪv/

grow vigorously

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

thydeterminerUS /ðaɪ/

an old word for “your”, speaking to one person

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

us'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

wark

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

weyfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

whea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At changes we munna complain; They’re rich whea in age are leet hearted, An’ mourn nit for days that are geane.”

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Now we git up—nay, God kens when!

winoun

a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

wishverbUS /wɪʃ/

hope for; have a wish

From this reading And nuin’s owre suin for us to deyne; I’s hungry or the pot’s half boiled, And wish for teymes leyke auld lang seyne.”

wou'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Days that are geane._ “We us’d to go to bed at dark, And ruse agean at four or five; The mworn’s the only teyme for wark, If fwok are hilthy and wou’d thrive.

wrinkleverbUS /ˈrɪŋkəl/

gather or contract into wrinkles or folds; pucker

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading “Now fifty shwort years ha’e flown owre us, Sin’ first we fell in at the fair, I’ve monie a teyme thowt, wi’ new pleasure, Nae weyfe cud wi’ Aggy compare; Tho’ thy nwose has gi’en way to the wrinkle.

Chapter 6 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 6 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 6 holds 58 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 6 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 6 of 1851?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 6 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 6 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.