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1851
1851

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of 1851 is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.
“This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”
_The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.
At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.
Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XVI

Chapter 16 of 1851 is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.
Line 2
“This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”
Line 3
_The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.
Line 4
At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.
Line 5
Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Barriers noun US /ˈbæriərz/

plural of “barrier” — a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading “Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.”

bonny adjective US /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading ““I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.”

brag verb US /bræɡ/

show off

From this reading ““This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.””

caress noun US /kərˈes/

a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it)

From this reading ““This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.””

nit noun US /nɪt/

a luminance unit equal to 1 candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source

From this reading ““This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.””

peer noun US /pɪr/

a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading ““This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.””

Peg noun US /peɡ/

a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading ““I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.”

trumpet verb US /ˈtrʌmpət/

proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet

From this reading ““This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.””

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

once more adverb + adjective

anew

In this reading “_The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.”

depended on verb + particle counted as “depend on”

be contingent on

In this reading ““I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.”

red cheek noun + noun

In this reading ““I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.”

appointed time adjective + noun

In this reading “Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.”

for awhile preposition + adverb

In this reading “_The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.”

All words in this reading · 129

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

amang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

appointedadjectiveUS /əˈpɔɪntɪd/

subject to appointment

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

arrivedverbUS /ərˈaɪvd/

past form of “arrive” — reach a destination; arrive by movement or progress

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

attentionnounUS /əˈtenʃən/

the process whereby a person concentrates on some features of the environment to the (relative) exclusion of others

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

aw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

awhileadverbUS /əˈwaɪl/

for a short time

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

BarriersnounUS /ˈbæriərz/

plural of “barrier” — a structure or object that impedes free movement

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

blessverbUS /bles/

give a benediction to

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

bonnyadjectiveUS /ˈbɑːni/

very pleasing to the eye

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

bragverbUS /bræɡ/

show off

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

buildingnounUS /ˈbɪldɪŋ/

a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

Carel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

caressnounUS /kərˈes/

a gentle affectionate stroking (or something resembling it)

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

catchverbUS /kætʃ/

discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

cheeknounUS /tʃiːk/

either side of the face below the eyes

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

crushverbUS /krʌʃ/

come down on or keep down by unjust use of one's authority

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

CrystalnounUS /ˈkrɪstəl/

a solid formed by the solidification of a chemical and having a highly regular atomic structure

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

dependedverbUS /dɪˈpendəd/

past form of “depend” — be contingent upon (something that is elided)

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

doornounUS /dɔːr/

a swinging or sliding barrier that will close the entrance to a room or building or vehicle

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

e'e

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

earlieradverbUS /ˈɜːrliər/

earlier in time; previously

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

fanverbUS /fæn/

strike out (a batter), (of a pitcher)

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

follow'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

forcenounUS /fɔːrs/

a powerful effect or influence

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

gud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

hawf-wit

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

hed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

It's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

labournounUS /ˈleɪbər/

a social class comprising those who do manual labor or work for wages

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

laidadjectiveUS /leɪd/

set down according to a plan

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

Lasses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

LETauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

looked-for

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

luik'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

mair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

maks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

Marget

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

meks

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

meritnounUS /ˈmerət/

any admirable quality or attribute

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

moneynounUS /ˈmʌni/

the most common medium of exchange; functions as legal tender

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

nae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

nebnoun

a long projecting or anterior elongation of an animal's head; especially the nose

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

nitnounUS /nɪt/

a luminance unit equal to 1 candle per square meter measured perpendicular to the rays from the source

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

nobbet

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

now-a-days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

officialsnounUS /əˈfɪʃəlz/

plural of “official” — a worker who holds or is invested with an office

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

openingnounUS /ˈoʊpənɪŋ/

an open or empty space in or between things

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

orderedadjectiveUS /ˈɔːrdərd/

having a systematic arrangement; especially having elements succeeding in order according to rule

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

outsideadjectiveUS /ˈaʊtˈsaɪd/

relating to or being on or near the outer side or limit

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

PalacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

peernounUS /pɪr/

a person who is of equal standing with another in a group

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

PegnounUS /peɡ/

a wooden pin pushed or driven into a surface

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

placedadjectiveUS /pleɪst/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

postsnounUS /poʊsts/

plural of “post” — the position where someone (as a guard or sentry) stands or is assigned to stand

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

praisenounUS /preɪz/

an expression of approval and commendation

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

preventedverbUS /prɪˈventɪd/

past form of “prevent” — keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

rednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

rushverbUS /rʌʃ/

move hurridly

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

scenenounUS /siːn/

the place where some action occurs

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

Scotland-yard

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

seekverbUS /siːk/

try to get or reach

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

shiftverbUS /ʃɪft/

make a shift in or exchange of

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

shilling-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading At last, the long looked-for shilling-day had arrived.

snurl'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

stemnounUS /stem/

(linguistics) the form of a word after all affixes are removed

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

suin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

they'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

toastverbUS /toʊst/

make brown and crisp by heating

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

trumpetverbUS /ˈtrʌmpət/

proclaim on, or as if on, a trumpet

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

turnverbUS /tɜːrn/

change orientation or direction, also in the abstract sense

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

unclenounUS /ˈʌŋkəl/

the brother of your father or mother; the husband of your aunt

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading _The Lasses of Carel._ LET us now shift the scene for awhile, and turn our attention once more to the Crystal Palace.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

whee

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading Barriers had been placed up outside the building, so as to stem the expected crush, and a double force of police had been “laid on” from Scotland-yard, and the whole of the officials had been ordered to be at their posts an hour or two earlier than usual, so that by opening the door before the appointed time, the “rush” might be prevented.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

yence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I yence follow’d Marget, the toast amang aw maks— An Peg hed a red cheek and bonny dark e’e— _But suin as she fan I depended on labour, She snurl’d up her neb and nae mair luik’d at me_.

yer

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

YoupronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “This meks my words gud; nobbet brag o’ your uncle, And get a peer hawf-wit to trumpet yer praise, You may catch whee you will, they’ll caress ye and bless ye, _It’s money, nit merit, they seek now-a-days_.”

Chapter 16 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 122 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 16 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 16 holds 122 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 16 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 122 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 16 of 1851?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 16 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 16 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.