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1851
1851

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of 1851 is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“But if Misfortune’s han?
We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.
As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”
_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.
She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XVII

Chapter 17 of 1851 is here in full — 163 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“But if Misfortune’s han?
Line 2
We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.
Line 3
As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”
Line 4
_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.
Line 5
She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

entreaties noun US /enˈtriːtiz/

plural of “entreaty” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading “She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.”

Epistle noun US /ɪˈpɪsəl/

a specially long, formal letter

From this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

fortitude noun US /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading “We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.”

hairy adjective US /ˈheri/

having or covered with hair

From this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

han noun US /hɑːn/

imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading ““But if Misfortune’s han?”

lash verb US /læʃ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading “We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.”

parthenon noun US /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

wimbledon noun US /ˈwɪmbəldən/

a suburb of London and the headquarters of the club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts

From this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

daily papers noun + noun

In this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

YOUNG LADIES adjective + noun counted as “young lady”

a young female

In this reading “_A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.”

All words in this reading · 90

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1851

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

1st

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

abuseverbUS /əˈbjuːs/

treat badly

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

advertisementnounUS /ædˈvɜːrtəzmənt/

a public promotion of some product or service

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

ALREADYadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

announcedadjectiveUS /əˈnaʊnst/

declared publicly; made widely known

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

AugustnounUS /ˈɑːɡəst/

the month following July and preceding September

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

bed-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “But if Misfortune’s han?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

comman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

COMMONadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

complimentsnounUS /ˈkɑːmpləments/

(usually plural) a polite expression of desire for someone's welfare

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

customaryadjectiveUS /ˈkʌstəmeri/

in accordance with convention or custom

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

dailyadverbUS /ˈdeɪli/

every day; without missing a day

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

effortsnounUS /ˈefərts/

plural of “effort” — earnest and conscientious activity intended to do or accomplish something

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

entreatiesnounUS /enˈtriːtiz/

plural of “entreaty” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

EpistlenounUS /ɪˈpɪsəl/

a specially long, formal letter

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

everythingpronounUS /ˈevriθɪŋ/

all things; all of a situation

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

extendedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈstendəd/

relatively long in duration; tediously protracted

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

filthyadjectiveUS /ˈfɪlθi/

disgustingly dirty; filled or smeared with offensive matter

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

fortitudenounUS /ˈfɔːrtɪtuːd/

strength of mind that enables one to endure adversity with courage

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

FrenchmennounUS /ˈfrentʃmen/

plural of “frenchman” — a person of French nationality

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

hairyadjectiveUS /ˈheri/

having or covered with hair

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

hannounUS /hɑːn/

imperial dynasty that ruled China (most of the time from 206 BC to AD 220) and expanded its boundaries and developed its bureaucracy; remembered as one of the great eras of Chinese civilization

From this reading “But if Misfortune’s han?

Heaven'snounUS /ˈhevənz/

possessive form of “heaven” — any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

horrornounUS /ˈhɔːrər/

intense and profound fear

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

HOUSEnounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading “But if Misfortune’s han?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

LADIESnounUS /ˈleɪdiz/

plural of “lady” — a polite name for any woman

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

lashverbUS /læʃ/

beat severely with a whip or rod

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

Letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

locatedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkeɪtəd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

mendverbUS /mend/

restore by replacing a part or putting together what is torn or broken

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

Misfortune's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “But if Misfortune’s han?

monstersnounUS /ˈmɑːnstərz/

plural of “monster” — an imaginary creature usually having various human and animal parts

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

papersnounUS /ˈpeɪpərz/

writing that provides information (especially information of an official nature)

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

PARTHENONnounUS /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

plungeverbUS /plʌndʒ/

thrust or throw into

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

remainedverbUS /rɪˈmeɪnd/

past form of “remain” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

resumeverbUS /rɪˈzuːm/

take up or begin anew

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

smartin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

Stagg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

studiesnounUS /ˈstʌdiz/

plural of “study” — a detailed critical inspection

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

threatsnounUS /θrets/

plural of “threat” — something that is a source of danger

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

triedadjectiveUS /traɪd/

tested and proved useful or correct

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading She had tried entreaties, threats, compliments, and abuse—everything by turns, and nothing long—but still all her efforts had been in vain.

wanadjectiveUS /wɑːn/

(of light) lacking in intensity or brightness; dim or feeble

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

Wewitz's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

whea

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As a’ things come by Heaven’s comman’, An’ whea can mend it.”

winoun

a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

WIMBLEDONnounUS /ˈwɪmbəldən/

a suburb of London and the headquarters of the club where annual international tennis championships are played on grass courts

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

withstan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We plunge an’ feel her smartin’ wan’, Let us wi’ fortitude withstan’, The lash extended.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

Year'snounUS /jɪrz/

possessive form of “year” — a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

YOUNGadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading _A New Year’s Epistle, by John Stagg._ ALREADY had the customary advertisement in the daily papers announced to the world that— THE YOUNG LADIES OF PARTHENON HOUSE, WIMBLEDON COMMON, will resume their studies on the 1st of August, 1851,— and still, to Mrs. Wewitz’s great horror, those “filthy, hairy monsters of Frenchmen” remained located in the best bed-room.

Chapter 17 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 163 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 17 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 17 holds 163 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 17 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 163 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 17 of 1851?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 17 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 17 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.