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1851
1851

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of 1851 is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/8 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!
Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.
True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An show what bliss it gie’s thro leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?
_Friendship.
Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XVIII

Chapter 18 of 1851 is here in full — 40 sentences across 8 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/8 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!
Line 2
Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.
Line 3
True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, Anshow what bliss it gie’s throleyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?
Line 4
_Friendship.
/ˈfrendʃɪp/
Line 5
Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Anderson noun US /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

Chutney noun US /ˈtʃʌtni/

a spicy condiment made of chopped fruits or vegetables cooked in vinegar and sugar with ginger and spices

From this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

detailed adjective US /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

imprisoned adjective US /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

ne'er adverb US /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

Parthenon noun US /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

repent verb US /rɪˈpent/

turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading “Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.”

sec noun US /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading “Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

previous chapter adjective + noun

In this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

taken place adjective + noun

In this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

during the absence preposition + article + noun counted as “during … absence”

In this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

for awhile preposition + adverb

In this reading “Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.”

True friendship adjective + noun

In this reading ““True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!”

All words in this reading · 88

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

absencenounUS /ˈæbsəns/

the state of being absent

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

AndersonnounUS /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

aseyde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

awhileadverbUS /əˈwaɪl/

for a short time

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

BalladnounUS /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

blissnounUS /blɪs/

a state of extreme happiness

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

bwosom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

cellnounUS /sel/

A small stone room in a prison where an inmate is locked behind iron bars.

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

ChutneynounUS /ˈtʃʌtni/

a spicy condiment made of chopped fruits or vegetables cooked in vinegar and sugar with ginger and spices

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

deeth's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

detailedadjectiveUS /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

duringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

e'enadverb

even

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

ereconjunctionUS /er/

an old word for “before”

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

frae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

friendshipnounUS /ˈfrendʃɪp/

the state of being friends (or friendly)

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

fwok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

gewgaws

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

gie's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

gueyde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

hournounUS /ˈaʊər/

a period of time equal to 1/24th of a day

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

imprisonedadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈprɪzənd/

being in captivity

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

incidentsnounUS /ˈɪnsədənts/

plural of “incident” — a single distinct event

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

lang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

leyfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

linennounUS /ˈlɪnən/

a fabric woven with fibers from the flax plant

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

Mekin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

ne'eradverbUS /ner/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

ParthenonnounUS /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

policenounUS /pəˈliːs/

the force of policemen and officers

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

powernounUS /ˈpaʊər/

possession of controlling influence

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

previousadjectiveUS /ˈpriːviəs/

just preceding something else in time or order

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

preyde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

repentverbUS /rɪˈpent/

turn away from sin or do penitence

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

returnverbUS /rɪˈtɜːrn/

go or come back to place, condition, or activity where one has been before

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

richesnounUS /ˈrɪtʃəz/

an abundance of material possessions and resources

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

RobertnounUS /ˈrɑːbərt/

United States parliamentary authority and author (in 1876) of Robert's Rules of Order (1837-1923)

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

roomnounUS /ruːm/

an area within a building enclosed by walls and floor and ceiling

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

sair

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

Sandboys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

secnounUS /sek/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

streyfe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

sud

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Mekin sec their gueyde, May sair repent lang ere deeth’s hour.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

thro

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “True friendship that can ne’er cause streyfe, But e’en keep frae distress and pain, An’ show what bliss it gie’s thro’ leyfe, In every bwosom still sud reign.?

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

TrueadjectiveUS /truː/

consistent with fact or reality; not false

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

VainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading “True friendship, when fwok throw aseyde, What then are riches, preyde, or power?— Vain gewgaws!

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Ballad, by Robert Anderson._ We must leave Miss Chutney for awhile imprisoned in the linen room, and return to Mr. Sandboys, imprisoned in the police cell; for it was during the absence of himself and wife from Parthenon House, that the incidents detailed in the previous chapter had taken place.

Chapter 18 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 40 sentences, grouped into 8 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 18 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 18 holds 40 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 8 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 18 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 40 sentences, grouped into 8 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 18 of 1851?

Work through the 8 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 8 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 18 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 18 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.