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1851
1851

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of 1851 is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.
I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”
_Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.
Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.
His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XX

Chapter 20 of 1851 is here in full — 90 sentences across 18 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.
Line 2
I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”
Line 3
_Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.
Line 4
Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.
Line 5
His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

auburn adjective US /ˈɑːbərn/

(of hair) colored a moderate reddish-brown

From this reading “Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.”

hairy adjective US /ˈheri/

having or covered with hair

From this reading “His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.”

imitative adjective US /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading “His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.”

ingeniously adverb US /ˌɪnˈdʒiːnjəsli/

in an ingenious manner

From this reading “Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.”

Parthenon noun US /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading “_Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.”

prided verb US /ˈpraɪdɪd/

past form of “pride” — be proud of

From this reading “His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.”

slyly adverb US /ˈslaɪli/

in an artful manner

From this reading ““Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.”

tresses noun US /ˈtresɪz/

plural of “tress” — a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair

From this reading “Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

weeping willows adjective + noun counted as “weeping willow”

willow with long drooping branches and slender leaves native to China; widely cultivated as an ornamental

In this reading “Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.”

intimate friend adjective + noun

In this reading “_Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.”

All words in this reading · 119

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

admirationnounUS /ˌædmərˈeɪʃən/

a feeling of delighted approval and liking

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

ADOLPHE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

AndeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

artistnounUS /ˈɑːrtəst/

a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

auburnadjectiveUS /ˈɑːbərn/

(of hair) colored a moderate reddish-brown

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

basketsnounUS /ˈbæskəts/

plural of “basket” — a container that is usually woven and has handles

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

bed-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

bentnounUS /bent/

a relatively permanent inclination to react in a particular way

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

boastedverbUS /ˈboʊstəd/

past form of “boast” — show off

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

bosomnounUS /ˈbʊzəm/

the chest considered as the place where secret thoughts are kept

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

chesnut

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

colonynounUS /ˈkɑːləni/

a body of people who settle far from home but maintain ties with their homeland; inhabitants remain nationals of their home state but are not literally under the home state's system of government

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

com

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

companionnounUS /kəmˈpænjən/

a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

Comtenoun

French philosopher remembered as the founder of positivism; he also established sociology as a systematic field of study

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

crewnounUS /kruː/

the men and women who man a vehicle (ship, aircraft, etc.)

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

denounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

deevilments

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

doubtnounUS /daʊt/

the state of being unsure of something

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

dow-for-nought

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

et

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

FairadjectiveUS /fer/

free from favoritism or self-interest or bias or deception; conforming with established standards or rules

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

flaxenadjective

of hair color; pale yellowish to yellowish brown

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

flowersnounUS /ˈflaʊərz/

plural of “flower” — a plant cultivated for its blooms or blossoms

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

formingverbUS /ˈfɔːrmɪŋ/

-ing form of “form” — create (as an entity)

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

friendnounUS /frend/

a person you know well and regard with affection and trust

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

fwonk

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

gangnounUS /ɡæŋ/

an association of criminals

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

hairyadjectiveUS /ˈheri/

having or covered with hair

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

hev

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

HousenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

ipronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

imitativeadjectiveUS /ˈɪməteɪtɪv/

marked by or given to imitation

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

ingeniouslyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʒiːnjəsli/

in an ingenious manner

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

intimateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntəmət/

marked by close acquaintance, association, or familiarity

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

jugglin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

lenounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

leadenadjectiveUS /ˈledən/

darkened with overcast

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

liliesnounUS /ˈlɪliz/

plural of “lily” — any liliaceous plant of the genus Lilium having showy pendulous flowers

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

locatedadjectiveUS /ˈloʊkeɪtəd/

situated in a particular spot or position

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

Luok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

MnounUS /em/

the basic unit of length adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites (approximately 1.094 yards)

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

Maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

nae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

nosegays

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

nuok

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

ParthenonnounUS /ˈpɑːrθənɑːn/

the main temple of the goddess Athena; built on the acropolis in Athens more than 400 years B.C.; example of Doric architecture

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

Peinteur

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

perfectionnounUS /pərˈfekʃən/

the state of being without a flaw or defect

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

Philosophe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

pridedverbUS /ˈpraɪdɪd/

past form of “pride” — be proud of

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

professionnounUS /prəˈfeʃən/

the body of people in a learned occupation

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

pursenounUS /pɜːrs/

a container used for carrying money and small personal items or accessories (especially by women)

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

ravenverbUS /ˈreɪvən/

obtain or seize by violence

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

recentadjectiveUS /ˈriːsənt/

new

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

rosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

Rosley

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

Sanschemise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

SHEEK

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

shillin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

skillnounUS /skɪl/

an ability that has been acquired by training

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

slylyadverbUS /ˈslaɪli/

in an artful manner

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

smugglin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

some'at

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

Stagg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

tek

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

tentnounUS /tent/

a portable shelter (usually of canvas stretched over supporting poles and fastened to the ground with ropes and pegs)

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

thnounUS /ˈtiːˈeɪtʃ/

the fifth day of the week; the fourth working day

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

thar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

ToparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

tressesnounUS /ˈtresɪz/

plural of “tress” — a hairdo formed by braiding or twisting the hair

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

warrantnounUS /ˈwɔːrənt/

a writ from a court commanding police to perform specified acts

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _Rosley Fair, by J. Stagg._ THE intimate friend and bosom companion of M. le Comte de Sanschemise was ADOLPHE SHEEK, _Peinteur et Philosophe_, and a recent addition to the small French colony that had located itself in the best bed-room of Parthenon House.

weel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

weepingadjectiveUS /ˈwiːpɪŋ/

showing sorrow

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

whar

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading His hairy nosegays, he boasted, were the admiration of all who had seen them; and his flaxen roses and raven lilies he prided himself upon being the perfection of imitative art.

widout

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

willowsnounUS /ˈwɪloʊz/

plural of “willow” — any of numerous deciduous trees and shrubs of the genus Salix

From this reading Adolphe was, by profession, an artist in hair—ingeniously forming weeping willows out of auburn tresses, and baskets of flowers out of chesnut, or, indeed, any other kind of locks.

yepronounUS /jiː/

an old word for “you”, speaking to more than one person

From this reading I warrant ye now thar gang are bent To tek fwonk in by jugglin’; Some cut purse dow-for-nought, nae doubt, That deevilments hev skill in, An’ some’at com’ weel leaden out May gang widout a shillin’.”

YonadjectiveUS /jɑːn/

distant but within sight (“yon” is dialectal)

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

yonderadjectiveUS /ˈjɑːndər/

distant but within sight (“yon” is dialectal)

From this reading “Luok, whar i’ th’ nuok o’ yonder tent Yon crew are slyly smugglin’.

Chapter 20 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 90 sentences, grouped into 18 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 20 holds 90 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 18 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 90 sentences, grouped into 18 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of 1851?

Work through the 18 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 18 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.