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1851
1851

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of 1851 is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1851
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
“Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.
“I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.
“She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.
“O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”
“_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of 1851 is here in full — 59 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.
Line 2
“I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.
Line 3
“She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.
Line 4
“O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”
Line 5
“_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

brat noun US /bræt/

a very troublesome child

From this reading ““She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.”

cleanliness noun US /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading ““_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.”

dui noun US /ˈdiːˈjuːˈaɪ/

plural of “duo” — two items of the same kind

From this reading ““O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.””

infinity noun US /ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti/

time without end

From this reading ““_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.”

iver adjective US /ˈaɪvər/

comparative of “iv” — being one more than three

From this reading ““Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.”

kirk noun US /kɜːrk/

a Scottish church

From this reading ““I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.”

restoring verb US /rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading ““_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.”

yen noun US /jen/

a yearning for something or to do something

From this reading ““Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

tobacco smoke noun + noun

In this reading ““_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.”

throw up verb + adjective

eject the contents of the stomach through the mouth

In this reading ““_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.”

go near verb + particle

In this reading ““I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.”

All words in this reading · 126

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

abuin

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

actverbUS /ækt/

perform an action, or work out or perform (an action)

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

AndersonnounUS /ˈændərsən/

United States author whose works were frequently autobiographical (1876-1941)

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

apartmentnounUS /əˈpɑːrtmənt/

a suite of rooms usually on one floor of an apartment house

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

aw

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

awnnoun

slender bristlelike appendage found on the bracts of grasses

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

bairns

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

baith

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

bed-room

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

BiblenounUS /ˈbaɪbəl/

the sacred writings of the Christian religions

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

bratnounUS /bræt/

a very troublesome child

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

byzen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

chapternounUS /ˈtʃæptər/

a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

cleanlinessnounUS /ˈklenlinɪs/

the habit of keeping free of superficial imperfections

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

crammel'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

cudnoun

food of a ruminant regurgitated to be chewed again

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

curtainsnounUS /ˈkɜːrtənz/

plural of “curtain” — hanging cloth used as a blind (especially for a window)

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

duinounUS /ˈdiːˈjuːˈaɪ/

plural of “duo” — two items of the same kind

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

duir-head

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

ennounUS /en/

half the width of an em

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

endlessadjectiveUS /ˈendləs/

tiresomely long; seemingly without end

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

fainadjectiveUS /feɪn/

having made preparations

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

fash'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

frae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

FrenchmennounUS /ˈfrentʃmen/

plural of “frenchman” — a person of French nationality

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

getverbUS /ɡet/

come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

goverbUS /ɡoʊ/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

guidedadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdəd/

subject to guidance or control especially after launching

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

ha'e

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

happyadjectiveUS /ˈhæpi/

enjoying or showing or marked by joy or pleasure

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

heale

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

heame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

horridadjectiveUS /ˈhɔːrəd/

exceedingly bad

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

infinitynounUS /ˌɪnˈfɪnɪti/

time without end

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

iveradjectiveUS /ˈaɪvər/

comparative of “iv” — being one more than three

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

kens

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

kirknounUS /kɜːrk/

a Scottish church

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

lamentationsnoun

an Old Testament book lamenting the desolation of Judah after the destruction of Jerusalem in 586 BC; traditionally attributed to the prophet Jeremiah

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

lang

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

ligs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

maister

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

mun

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

nae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

nane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

neame

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

NorconjunctionUS /nɔːr/

and not; used after a negative to add a second negative

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

NowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

onounUS /oʊ/

a nonmetallic bivalent element that is normally a colorless odorless tasteless nonflammable diatomic gas; constitutes 21 percent of the atmosphere by volume; the most abundant element in the earth's crust

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

possibilitynounUS /ˌpɑːsəˈbɪlətiː/

a future prospect or potential

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

propertynounUS /ˈprɑːpərti/

something owned; any tangible or intangible possession that is owned by someone

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

restoringverbUS /rɪˈstɔːrɪŋ/

-ing form of “restore” — return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

she's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

shemnoun

(Old Testament) eldest son of Noah

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

smellnounUS /smel/

the sensation that results when olfactory receptors in the nose are stimulated by particular chemicals in gaseous form

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

smokenounUS /smoʊk/

a cloud of fine particles suspended in a gas

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

stickverbUS /stɪk/

put, fix, force, or implant

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

stockin's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

stoury

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

SundaynounUS /ˈsʌndeɪ/

first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

sweetnessnounUS /ˈswiːtnəs/

the taste experience when sugar dissolves in the mouth

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

teydey

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

that's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

theepronounUS /ðiː/

an old word for “you”, as the object, speaking to one person

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

ThempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

There's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

throwverbUS /θroʊ/

propel through the air

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

tobacconounUS /təˈbækoʊ/

leaves of the tobacco plant dried and prepared for smoking or ingestion

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

townnounUS /taʊn/

an urban area with a fixed boundary that is smaller than a city

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

wadverbUS /wɑːd/

compress into a wad

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

warday

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

we've

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

weeknounUS /wiːk/

any period of seven consecutive days

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

weel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

Wewitz's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

wheelverbUS /wiːl/

change directions as if revolving on a pivot

From this reading “O wad she be guided, and stick to her wheel, There’s nane kens how fain I wad see her dui weel.”

whol'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

winoun

a midwestern state in north central United States

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

WifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

windowsnounUS /ˈwɪndoʊz/

(trademark) an operating system with a graphical user interface

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

wontedadjective

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading “_O Wife,” by Anderson._ THE house once cleared of the Frenchmen, Miss Wewitz’s first act was to throw up all the windows of the best bed-room, amid an infinity of lamentations as to the state of her property in that apartment—and endless doubts as to the possibility of ever getting the smell of that horrid tobacco smoke out of the curtains, or restoring the place to its wonted cleanliness and sweetness.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading “I can’t for the life o’ me get her to work, Nor aw the lang Sunday to go near a kirk; Nor frae week en’ to week en’ a chapter to read, For the Bible ligs stoury abuin the duir-head.

writnounUS /rɪt/

(law) a legal document issued by a court or judicial officer

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

yennounUS /jen/

a yearning for something or to do something

From this reading “Them that’s fash’d wi’ nae bairns iver happy mun be, For we’ve yen, and she’s maister o’ baith thee and me.

yence

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “She yence cud ha’e crammel’d and writ her awn neame, And Sunday and warday was teydey at heame: Now to see her whol’d stockin’s, her brat, and her gown, She’s a shem and a byzen to all the heale town.

Chapter 21 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 59 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 21 holds 59 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 59 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of 1851?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.