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1851
1851

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of 1851 is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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“Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?
Can’t be that thing cawt luive?
Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.
“I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”
_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1851

Chapter XXIV

Chapter 24 of 1851 is here in full — 161 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
“Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?
Line 2
Can’t be that thing cawt luive?
Line 3
Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.
Line 4
“I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”
Line 5
_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Clark noun US /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

Coddle verb US /ˈkɑːdəl/

treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

Complaint noun US /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

crack verb US /kræk/

become fractured; break or crack on the surface only

From this reading ““I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.””

fills noun US /fɪlz/

plural of “fill” — a quantity sufficient to satisfy

From this reading ““Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?”

lugs noun US /lʌɡz/

plural of “lug” — ancient Celtic god

From this reading ““Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?”

profound adjective US /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

smart adjective US /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading ““Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

set down verb + adjective

put down in writing; of texts, musical compositions, etc.

In this reading “Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.”

however humble adverb + adjective

In this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

own interests verb + noun counted as “own interest”

In this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

other folk adjective + noun

In this reading ““I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.””

got back verb + particle counted as “get back”

recover something or somebody that appeared to be lost

In this reading “_The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.”

All words in this reading · 99

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Can’t be that thing cawt luive?

breastnounUS /brest/

the front of the trunk from the neck to the abdomen

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

Can't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Can’t be that thing cawt luive?

cawt

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Can’t be that thing cawt luive?

chang'd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

ClarknounUS /klɑːrk/

United States explorer who (with Meriwether Lewis) led an expedition from St. Louis to the mouth of the Columbia River; Clark was responsible for making maps of the area (1770-1838)

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

CoddleverbUS /ˈkɑːdəl/

treat with excessive indulgence

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

ComplaintnounUS /kəmˈpleɪnt/

an often persistent bodily disorder or disease; a cause for complaining

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

concernedadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrnd/

feeling or showing worry or solicitude

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

Costard's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

crackverbUS /kræk/

become fractured; break or crack on the surface only

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

dispert

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

especiallyadverbUS /əˈspeʃli/

to a distinctly greater extent or degree than is common

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

Ewan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

fairlyadverbUS /ˈferli/

to certain extent or degree

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

feace

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

fillsnounUS /fɪlz/

plural of “fill” — a quantity sufficient to satisfy

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

folknounUS /foʊk/

people in general (often used in the plural)

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

folksnounUS /foʊks/

your parents

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

frae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

GoodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

gotverbUS /ɡɑːt/

inflected form of “get” — come into the possession of something concrete or abstract

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

I'se

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

interestsnounUS /ˈɪntrəsts/

plural of “interest” — a sense of concern with and curiosity about someone or something

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

ITpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

jokenounUS /dʒoʊk/

a humorous anecdote or remark intended to provoke laughter

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

likeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

lugsnounUS /lʌɡz/

plural of “lug” — ancient Celtic god

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

Luiknoun

city in eastern Belgium; largest French-speaking city in Belgium

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

luive

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Can’t be that thing cawt luive?

MajoradjectiveUS /ˈmeɪdʒər/

of greater importance or stature or rank

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

murth

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

mysel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

profoundadjectiveUS /proʊˈfaʊnd/

showing intellectual penetration or emotional depth

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

quicklyadverbUS /ˈkwɪkli/

with speed

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

remarknounUS /rɪˈmɑːrk/

a statement that expresses a personal opinion or belief or adds information

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

sae

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

Sandboys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

sangnounUS /sæŋ/

North American woodland herb similar to and used as substitute for the Chinese ginseng

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

sare

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

seck

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

shakeverbUS /ʃeɪk/

move or cause to move back and forth

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

sidesnounUS /saɪdz/

plural of “side” — a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

singverbUS /sɪŋ/

deliver by singing

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

smartadjectiveUS /smɑːrt/

showing mental alertness and calculation and resourcefulness

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading Good folks now tell, And I’se set down just how I find mysel.

tellingadjectiveUS /ˈtelɪŋ/

disclosing unintentionally something concealed

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading Can’t be that thing cawt luive?

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

Waes

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

what's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading “Waes me! what’s this that lugs sae at my heart, And fills my breast with seck a dispert smart?

womennounUS /ˈwɪmən/

plural of “woman” — an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading _The Costard’s Complaint, by Ewan Clark._ IT was a profound remark of Mrs. Coddle—and women, however humble, read characters very quickly, especially when their own interests are concerned—that there was no telling what ever had come to her Major since them Sandboys had got back to the place.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading “I used to sing my sang, and crack my joke, And shake my sides at murth like other folk, But I’se sare chang’d frae what I used to be; Luik i’ my feace, and you may fairly see.”

Chapter 24 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew holds 161 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 24 of 1851 contain?

Chapter 24 holds 161 sentences of 1851, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 24 of 1851 by Henry Mayhew exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 161 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 24 of 1851?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 24 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 24 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1851

Common questions about reading 1851 by Henry Mayhew on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1851?

Yes. All 2985 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #65234 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1851 is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #65234, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1851 take to read?

About 248 minutes of reading across 597 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1851 section by section

How to work through 1851 section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of 1851 to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1851

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1851, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Nichol
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Cracks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Smiddy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Fodder
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1851; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.