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1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century
1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century
Context Illustration Reading 1/86 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.
See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
HENRY HARTSHORNE.
"Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."
Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century is here in full — 432 sentences across 87 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/86 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.
/noʊt ˈɪmədʒəz ʌv ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl ˈpeɪdʒəz ɑːr əˈveɪləbəl θruː ðə ðə ˈɡuːɡəl bʊks ˈlaɪbreriː ˈprɑːdʒekt/
Line 2
See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.
Line 3
HENRY HARTSHORNE.
Line 4
"Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."
/ˈkʌmɪŋ ɪˈvents kæst ðer ˈʃædoʊz bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 5
Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

available adjective US /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading “Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.”

google noun US /ˈɡuːɡəl/

a widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important and relevant to a user's search

From this reading “Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.”

http noun US /ˌeɪtʃtiːtiːˈpiː/

a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers

From this reading “See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.”

Images noun US /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading “Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.”

Market noun US /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading “Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.”

Philadelphia noun US /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading “Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.”

Project verb US /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading “Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.”

twentieth noun US /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading “See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

TWENTIETH CENTURY noun + noun

the century from 1901 to 2000

In this reading “See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.”

GLANCE AT verb + particle

In this reading “See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.”

original pages adjective + noun counted as “original page”

In this reading “Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.”

Coming Events noun + noun counted as “coming event”

In this reading “"Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."”

All words in this reading · 42

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1931

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

2

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

930

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

ATprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

BeforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

BooksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

CastverbUS /kæst/

put or send forth

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

CENTURYnounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

Claxton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

ConounUS /koʊ/

an odorless very poisonous gas that is a product of incomplete combustion of carbon

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

com

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

ComingnounUS /ˈkʌmɪŋ/

the act of drawing spatially closer to something

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

EnounUS /iː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that is essential for normal reproduction; an important antioxidant that neutralizes free radicals in the body

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

EventsnounUS /ɪˈvents/

plural of “event” — something that happens at a given place and time

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

GLANCEverbUS /ɡlæns/

throw a glance at; take a brief look at

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

GooglenounUS /ˈɡuːɡəl/

a widely used search engine that uses text-matching techniques to find web pages that are important and relevant to a user's search

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

HARTSHORNE

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading HENRY HARTSHORNE.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading HENRY HARTSHORNE.

httpnounUS /ˌeɪtʃtiːtiːˈpiː/

a protocol (utilizing TCP) to transfer hypertext requests and information between servers and browsers

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

idnounUS /ɪd/

a state in the Rocky Mountains

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

ImagesnounUS /ˈɪmədʒəz/

plural of “image” — an iconic mental representation

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

J-EFFzjgC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

LibrarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

lUnounUS /luː/

a trivalent metallic element of the rare earth group; usually occurs in association with yttrium

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

MarketnounUS /ˈmɑːrkət/

the world of commercial activity where goods and services are bought and sold

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

NotenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

ProjectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

ShadowsnounUS /ˈʃædoʊz/

plural of “shadow” — shade within clear boundaries

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

StreetnounUS /striːt/

a thoroughfare (usually including sidewalks) that is lined with buildings

From this reading Philadelphia: E. Claxton & Co., 930 Market Street.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

TheirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading "Coming Events Cast Their Shadows Before."

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Note: Images of the original pages are available through the the Google Books Library Project.

TWENTIETHnounUS /ˈtwentiəθ/

position 20 in a countable series of things

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

vid

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See http://books.google.com/books?vid=lU2J-EFFzjgC&id 1931: A GLANCE AT THE TWENTIETH CENTURY.

Chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century by Henry Hartshorne holds 432 sentences, grouped into 87 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century contain?

Chapter 1 holds 432 sentences of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century, unabridged, divided into 87 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century by Henry Hartshorne exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 432 sentences, grouped into 87 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century?

Work through the 87 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 87 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century

Common questions about reading 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century by Henry Hartshorne on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century?

Yes. All 432 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31171 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #31171, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century take to read?

About 36 minutes of reading across 87 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century section by section

How to work through 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century

Words and structures a reader meets early in 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Images
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Original
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Pages
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Available
A word that appears in the opening chapter of 1931: A Glance at the Twentieth Century; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.