Chapter 2 of A Book of American Explorers is here in full — 264 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.
Chapter II
Chapter 2 of A Book of American Explorers is here in full — 264 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS. (A.D. 1492‒1503.) Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA. The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Chapter 2 of A Book of American Explorers is here in full — 264 sentences across 53 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.
Reading 1/52 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5
These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.
Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.
Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)
From this reading “The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.”
the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University
From this reading “COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS.”
the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella
From this reading “Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.”
artwork that helps make something clear or attractive
From this reading “Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.”
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)
From this reading “Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.”
plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next
From this reading “The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.”
the manner in which something is greeted
From this reading “Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.”
of superior grade
From this reading “The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.”
English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.
Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.
In this reading “The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.”
Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.
Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 1492‒1503.)
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading 1492‒1503.)
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading (A.D.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS.
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
Christian martyr and patron saint of travellers (3rd century)
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
the state capital of Ohio; located in the center of the state; site of Ohio State University
From this reading COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS.
plural of “companion” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another
From this reading COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS.
a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets
From this reading (A.D.
the king of Castile and Aragon who ruled jointly with his wife Isabella
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
about to be mentioned or specified
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned
From this reading COLUMBUS AND HIS COMPANIONS.
artwork that helps make something clear or attractive
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
the queen of Castile whose marriage to Ferdinand of Aragon in 1469 marked the beginning of the modern state of Spain; they instituted the Spanish Inquisition in 1478 and sponsored the voyages of Christopher Columbus in 1492 (1451-1504)
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
the literary culture
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
plural of “passage” — the act of passing from one state or place to the next
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
prepared and printed for distribution and sale
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
the manner in which something is greeted
From this reading Illustration: RECEPTION OF COLUMBUS BY FERDINAND AND ISABELLA.
of superior grade
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
understood in a certain way; made sense of
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading The following passages are taken from “Select Letters of Christopher Columbus,” published by the Hakluyt Society, London, 1847, pp. 1‒17, 20‒22, 27, 33‒36, 40‒42, 114‒121, 129‒138, 200‒202, 205‒210, 214‒225.
Chapter 2 of A Book of American Explorers by Thomas Wentworth Higginson holds 264 sentences, grouped into 53 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.
Chapter 2 holds 264 sentences of A Book of American Explorers, unabridged, divided into 53 reading sections.
This page carries chapter 2 of A Book of American Explorers by Thomas Wentworth Higginson exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 264 sentences, grouped into 53 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.
Work through the 53 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.
Each of the 53 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.
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About 214 minutes of reading across 516 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.
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Words and structures a reader meets early in A Book of American Explorers, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.
