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A Book of Discovery
A Book of Discovery

Chapter VII

Cover illustration for A Book of Discovery
Context Illustration Reading 1/18 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.
As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.
It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.
Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.
Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Book of Discovery

Chapter VII

Reading 1/18 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.
Line 2
As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.
Line 3
It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.
Line 4
Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.
Line 5
Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

About preposition US /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading “It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.”

Alexander noun US /ˈalexander/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.”

Brought noun US /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.”

Done noun US /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.”

Itself pronoun US /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading “As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.”

Next noun US /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.”

Over preposition US /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading “It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.”

Since preposition US /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading “Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.”

All words in this reading · 80

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

account

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

Alexander

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

annexing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

ASconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

broughtnounUS /ˈbrought/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

CAESAR

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

centre

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

Channel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

combined

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

conquering

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

conqueror

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

country

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

crossing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

dispelled

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

donenounUS /done/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

Empire

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

England

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

EXPLORER

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

exploring

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

find

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

fog-bound

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

France

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

French

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

German

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

gives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

graphic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

GreatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

Greece

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

hinted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

history

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

JULIUS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

land

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

lands

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

lay

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

light

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

mist

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

nextnounUS /next/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

north

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

now

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

olden

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading JULIUS CAESAR AS EXPLORER Our next explorer is Julius Caesar.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

Persia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

Pytheas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

repeats

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

Rhine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

Roman

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

Rome

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

Seine

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

shifted

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since the days of Alexander the centre of Empire had shifted from Greece to Rome, and Rome was now conquering and annexing land, as Persia had done in the olden days.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

Thames

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Pytheas had hinted at the fog-bound lands of the north--Caesar brought them into the light of day.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It was Caesar who first dispelled the mist that lay over the country about the French Seine, the German Rhine, the English Thames--Caesar who gives us the first graphic account of crossing the English Channel from France to England.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading As Alexander the Great had combined the conqueror with the explorer, so now history repeats itself, and we find the Roman Caesar not only conquering, but exploring.