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A Book of Discovery The History of
A Book of Discovery The History of

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.
A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.
The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.
The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.
Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Book of Discovery The History of

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of is here in full — 58 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.
Line 2
A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.
/ə dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk ˈɑːrmi ˈlændəd nɪr ðə spɑːt wer ˈsiːzər hæd ˈlændəd dʒʌst ə ˈhʌndrəd jɪrz bɪˈfɔːr/
Line 3
The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.
/ðə dɪˈskʌvəri ənd ˈkɑːŋkwest ʌv ˈbrɪtən naʊ bɪˈɡæn ɪn riːl ˈɜːrnɪst/
Line 4
The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.
/ðə aɪl ʌv waɪt wɑːz ˈoʊvərrʌn baɪ ˈroʊmənz ðə saʊθ koʊst wɑːz ɪkˈsplɔːrd/
Line 5
Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

bogs noun US /bɑːɡz/

plural of “bog” — wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel

From this reading “Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.”

Claudius noun US /ˈklɔːdiəs/

Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Roman Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)

From this reading “THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.”

explored verb US /ɪkˈsplɔːrd/

past form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading “The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.”

mists noun US /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading “THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.”

overrun verb US /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading “The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.”

pliny noun US /ˈplɪni/

Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)

From this reading “THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.”

swamps noun US /swɑːmps/

plural of “swamp” — low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog

From this reading “Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.”

Wight noun US /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading “The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

43

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

amidprepositionUS /əˈmɪd/

in the middle of; surrounded by

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

bogsnounUS /bɑːɡz/

plural of “bog” — wet spongy ground of decomposing vegetation; has poorer drainage than a swamp; soil is unfit for cultivation but can be cut and dried and used for fuel

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

BritainnounUS /ˈbrɪtən/

a monarchy in northwestern Europe occupying most of the British Isles; divided into England and Scotland and Wales and Northern Ireland; “Great Britain” is often used loosely to refer to the United Kingdom

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

BritishnounUS /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/

the people of Great Britain

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

CaesarnounUS /ˈsiːzər/

conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

ClaudiusnounUS /ˈklɔːdiəs/

Roman Emperor after his nephew Caligula was murdered; consolidated the Roman Empire and conquered southern Britain; was poisoned by his fourth wife Agrippina after her son Nero was named as Claudius' heir (10 BC to AD 54)

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

coastnounUS /koʊst/

the shore of a sea or ocean

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

conquestnounUS /ˈkɑːŋkwest/

the act of conquering

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

DnounUS /diː/

a fat-soluble vitamin that prevents rickets

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

discoverynounUS /dɪˈskʌvəri/

the act of discovering something

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

earnestadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrnɪst/

characterized by a firm and humorless belief in the validity of your opinions

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

EmperornounUS /ˈempərər/

the male ruler of an empire

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

EMPIREnounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

expeditionnounUS /ˌekspəˈdɪʃən/

a military campaign designed to achieve a specific objective in a foreign country

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

exploredverbUS /ɪkˈsplɔːrd/

past form of “explore” — inquire into

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

fognounUS /fɑːɡ/

droplets of water vapor suspended in the air near the ground

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

giganticadjectiveUS /dʒaɪˈɡæntɪk/

so exceedingly large or extensive as to suggest a giant or mammoth

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

Gloucestershirenoun

a county in southwestern England in the lower Severn valley

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

hundrednounUS /ˈhʌndrəd/

ten 10s

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

IslenounUS /aɪl/

a small island

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

landedadjectiveUS /ˈlændəd/

owning or consisting of land or real estate

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

livesnounUS /lɪvz/

plural of “life” — a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

lyingnounUS /ˈlaɪɪŋ/

the deliberate act of deviating from the truth

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

mistsnounUS /mɪsts/

plural of “mist” — a thin fog with condensation near the ground

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

NorthernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

OceannounUS /ˈoʊʃən/

a large body of water constituting a principal part of the hydrosphere

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

overrunverbUS /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

PLINYnounUS /ˈplɪni/

Roman writer and nephew of Pliny the Elder; author of books of letters that commented on affairs of the day (62-113)

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

realadjectiveUS /riːl/

being or occurring in fact or actuality; having verified existence; not illusory

From this reading The discovery and conquest of Britain now began in real earnest.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

ROMANadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

sendverbUS /send/

cause to go somewhere

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

southnounUS /saʊθ/

the region of the United States lying to the south of the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

swampsnounUS /swɑːmps/

plural of “swamp” — low land that is seasonally flooded; has more woody plants than a marsh and better drainage than a bog

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Roman soldiers lost their lives in the bogs and swamps of Gloucestershire.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

WightnounUS /waɪt/

a human being; “wight” is an archaic term

From this reading The Isle of Wight was overrun by Romans; the south coast was explored.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading THE ROMAN EMPIRE AND PLINY In the year 43 A.D. the Emperor Claudius resolved to send an expedition to the British coast, lying amid the mists and fog of the Northern Ocean.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A gigantic army landed near the spot where Caesar had landed just a hundred years before.

Chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of by M. B. (Margaret Bertha), -1939 Synge holds 58 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of contain?

Chapter 10 holds 58 sentences of A Book of Discovery The History of, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of by M. B. (Margaret Bertha), -1939 Synge exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 58 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of A Book of Discovery The History of?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Book of Discovery The History of

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Is this the complete text of A Book of Discovery The History of?

Yes. All 0 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #? are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Book of Discovery The History of is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #?, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Book of Discovery The History of take to read?

About 5 minutes of reading across 0 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Book of Discovery The History of

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Book of Discovery The History of, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Chapter 1
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Chapter 2
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Chapter 3
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