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A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.
A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.
Context Illustration Reading 1/82 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
So much by way of identification.
The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.
A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.
A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.
His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Chapter IV · Chapter 4

Chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. is here in full — 410 sentences across 82 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/82 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
So much by way of identification.
/soʊ mʌtʃ baɪ weɪ ʌv aɪˌdentəfəˈkeɪʃən/
Line 2
The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.
Line 3
A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.
/ə per bɪlt ɑːn æn ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl ʃelf ʌv rɑːk əˈlɔːŋ ðə ˈhʌdsən fɔːr eɪt səkˈsesɪv jɪrz/
Line 4
A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.
/ə skwɑːd ʌv ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri ˈsoʊldʒərz ˈɔːlsoʊ faʊnd ə nest əˈlɔːŋ ðɪs ˈrɪvər ənd hæd æn ædˈventʃər wɪð ðə bɜːrd ðæt keɪm nɪr ˈkɔːstɪŋ wʌn ʌv ðer ˈnʌmbər hɪz laɪf/
Line 5
His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.
/hɪz ˈkɑːmrædz let hɪm daʊn baɪ ə roʊp tuː sɪˈkjʊr ðə eɡz ɔːr jʌŋ wen hiː wɑːz əˈtækt baɪ ðə ˈfiːmeɪl ˈiːɡəl wɪð sʌtʃ ˈfjʊri ðæt hiː wɑːz əˈblaɪdʒd tuː dɪˈfend hɪmˈself wɪð hɪz naɪf/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

costing noun US /ˈkɔːstɪŋ/

cost accounting

From this reading “A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.”

eyrie noun US /ˈeri/

the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle)

From this reading “The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.”

Hudson noun US /ˈhʌdsən/

a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

From this reading “A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.”

identification noun US /aɪˌdentəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of designating or identifying something

From this reading “So much by way of identification.”

inaccessible adjective US /ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all

From this reading “A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.”

precipitous adjective US /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading “The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.”

squad noun US /skwɑːd/

a smallest army unit

From this reading “A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.”

successive adjective US /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading “A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.”

All words in this reading · 77

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

adventureverbUS /ædˈventʃər/

take a risk in the hope of a favorable outcome

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

attackedverbUS /əˈtækt/

past form of “attack” — launch an attack or assault on; begin hostilities or start warfare with

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

birdnounUS /bɜːrd/

warm-blooded egg-laying vertebrates characterized by feathers and forelimbs modified as wings

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

builtadjectiveUS /bɪlt/

(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading So much by way of identification.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

commonadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːmən/

belonging to or participated in by a community as a whole; public

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

comradesnounUS /ˈkɑːmrædz/

plural of “comrade” — a friend who is frequently in the company of another

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

costingnounUS /ˈkɔːstɪŋ/

cost accounting

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

defendverbUS /dɪˈfend/

argue or speak in defense of

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

eaglenounUS /ˈiːɡəl/

any of various large keen-sighted diurnal birds of prey noted for their broad wings and strong soaring flight

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

eggsnounUS /eɡz/

oval reproductive body of a fowl (especially a hen) used as food

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

eyrienounUS /ˈeri/

the lofty nest of a bird of prey (such as a hawk or eagle)

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

femaleadjectiveUS /ˈfiːmeɪl/

being the sex (of plant or animal) that produces fertilizable gametes (ova) from which offspring develop

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

furynounUS /ˈfjʊri/

a feeling of intense anger

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

hemispheres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

HudsonnounUS /ˈhʌdsən/

a New York river; flows southward into New York Bay; explored by Henry Hudson early in the 17th century

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

identificationnounUS /aɪˌdentəfəˈkeɪʃən/

the act of designating or identifying something

From this reading So much by way of identification.

inaccessibleadjectiveUS /ˌɪnəkˈsesəbəl/

capable of being reached only with great difficulty or not at all

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

knifenounUS /naɪf/

edge tool used as a cutting instrument; has a pointed blade with a sharp edge and a handle

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading So much by way of identification.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

nestnounUS /nest/

a structure in which animals lay eggs or give birth to their young

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

northernadjectiveUS /ˈnɔːrðərn/

in or characteristic of a region of the United States north of (approximately) the Mason-Dixon line

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

obligedadjectiveUS /əˈblaɪdʒd/

under a moral obligation to do something

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading So much by way of identification.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

pairnounUS /per/

a set of two similar things considered as a unit

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

partsnounUS /pɑːrts/

the local environment

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

placesnounUS /ˈpleɪsəz/

plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

precipitousadjectiveUS /prɪˈsɪpɪtəs/

done with very great haste and without due deliberation

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

RevolutionaryadjectiveUS /ˌrevəˈluːʃəneri/

markedly new or introducing radical change

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

rivernounUS /ˈrɪvər/

a large natural stream of water (larger than a creek)

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

rocknounUS /rɑːk/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

ropenounUS /roʊp/

a strong line

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

secureverbUS /sɪˈkjʊr/

get by special effort

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

shelfnounUS /ʃelf/

A flat horizontal plane used to hold books or scrolls in a library.

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

SoconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading So much by way of identification.

soldiersnounUS /ˈsoʊldʒərz/

plural of “soldier” — an enlisted man or woman who serves in an army

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

squadnounUS /skwɑːd/

a smallest army unit

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

successiveadjectiveUS /səkˈsesɪv/

in regular succession without gaps

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The bird is common to the northern parts of both hemispheres, and places its eyrie on high, precipitous rocks.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading So much by way of identification.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading A squad of Revolutionary soldiers also found a nest along this river, and had an adventure with the bird that came near costing one of their number his life.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading A pair built on an inaccessible shelf of rock along the Hudson for eight successive years.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading His comrades let him down by a rope to secure the eggs or young, when he was attacked by the female eagle with such fury that he was obliged to defend himself with his knife.

Chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. by David Starr [Editor] Jordan holds 410 sentences, grouped into 82 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. contain?

Chapter 4 holds 410 sentences of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV., unabridged, divided into 82 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. by David Starr [Editor] Jordan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 410 sentences, grouped into 82 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.?

Work through the 82 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 82 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

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Yes. All 3577 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #18274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 298 minutes of reading across 716 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. section by section

How to work through A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stanhope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gilson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.