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A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.
A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.
Context Illustration Reading 1/72 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Class 3.
The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.
Class 4.
The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.
No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
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A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Chapter IX · Chapter 9

Chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. is here in full — 362 sentences across 73 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/72 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Class 3.
Line 2
The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.
Line 3
Class 4.
Line 4
The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.
Line 5
No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.
/noʊ tuː ʌv ðiːz ˈklæsəz ɑːr ˈmjuːtʃuːəli dɪˈstrʌktɪv soʊ ðæt ɪn ˈeni keɪs ʌv ˈmɪmɪkri ə ˈdʌbəl ædˈvæntɪdʒ meɪ biː ɡeɪnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crickets noun US /ˈkrɪkəts/

plural of “cricket” — leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together

From this reading “The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.”

grasshoppers noun US /ˈɡræshɑːpərz/

plural of “grasshopper” — terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping

From this reading “The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.”

mimic noun US /ˈmɪmɪk/

someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading “The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.”

mimicked verb US /ˈmɪmɪkt/

inflected form of “mimic” — imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effect

From this reading “The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.”

mimicry noun US /ˈmɪmɪkri/

the act of mimicking; imitative behavior

From this reading “No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.”

mimics noun US /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading “The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.”

mutually adverb US /ˈmjuːtʃuːəli/

in a mutual or shared manner

From this reading “No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.”

wasp noun US /wɑːsp/

a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

From this reading “The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.”

All words in this reading · 56

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

3

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Class 3.

4

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Class 4.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

advantagenounUS /ædˈvæntɪdʒ/

the quality of having a superior or more favorable position

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

attacksnounUS /əˈtæks/

plural of “attack” — (military) an offensive against an enemy (using weapons)

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

ClassnounUS /klæs/

a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Class 3.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

commonlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːmənli/

under normal conditions

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

creaturenounUS /ˈkriːtʃər/

a living organism characterized by voluntary movement

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

cricketsnounUS /ˈkrɪkəts/

plural of “cricket” — leaping insect; male makes chirping noises by rubbing the forewings together

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

deadlyadjectiveUS /ˈdedli/

causing or capable of causing death

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

destructiveadjectiveUS /dɪˈstrʌktɪv/

causing destruction or much damage

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

doubleverbUS /ˈdʌbəl/

increase twofold

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

eatenverbUS /ˈiːtən/

inflected form of “eat” — take in solid food

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

foenounUS /foʊ/

an armed adversary (especially a member of an opposing military force)

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

grasshoppersnounUS /ˈɡræshɑːpərz/

plural of “grasshopper” — terrestrial plant-eating insect with hind legs adapted for leaping

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

hunternounUS /ˈhʌntər/

someone who hunts game

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

imitationnounUS /ˌɪməˈteɪʃən/

the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

mimeticadjective

characterized by or of the nature of or using mimesis

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

mimicnounUS /ˈmɪmɪk/

someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

mimickedverbUS /ˈmɪmɪkt/

inflected form of “mimic” — imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effect

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

mimicrynounUS /ˈmɪmɪkri/

the act of mimicking; imitative behavior

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

mimicsnounUS /ˈmɪmɪks/

plural of “mimic” — someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

mutuallyadverbUS /ˈmjuːtʃuːəli/

in a mutual or shared manner

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

preynounUS /preɪ/

a person who is the aim of an attack (especially a victim of ridicule or exploitation) by some hostile person or influence

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

protectedadjectiveUS /prəˈtektɪd/

kept safe or defended from danger or injury or loss

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

speciesnounUS /ˈspiːʃiz/

(biology) taxonomic group whose members can interbreed

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading No two of these classes are mutually destructive so that in any case of mimicry a double advantage may be gained.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading The mimetic species may prey upon some creature which is found commonly with, and is not eaten by, the mimicked species.

waspnounUS /wɑːsp/

a white person of Anglo-Saxon ancestry who belongs to a Protestant denomination

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The mimetic species may, by its imitation, be protected from the attacks of the creature it mimics, as is the case with the crickets and grasshoppers which mimic their deadly foe, the hunter wasp.

Chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. by David Starr [Editor] Jordan holds 362 sentences, grouped into 73 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. contain?

Chapter 9 holds 362 sentences of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV., unabridged, divided into 73 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. by David Starr [Editor] Jordan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 362 sentences, grouped into 73 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 9 of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.?

Work through the 73 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 73 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 9 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 9 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

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Yes. All 3577 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #18274 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #18274, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV. take to read?

About 298 minutes of reading across 716 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV., each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Stanhope
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Press
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gilson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Company
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Book of Natural History Young Folks' Library Volume XIV.; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.