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A Boy of Old Japan
A Boy of Old Japan

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/84 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
_Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.
I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.
I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.
From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.
From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Boy of Old Japan

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan is here in full — 423 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/84 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
_Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.
Line 2
I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.
/aɪ æm ˈʌndər diːp ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz tuː ðə ˈpʌblɪʃərz fɔːr ˈɡɪvɪŋ miː æn ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti tuː tel ðə ˈstɔːri ʌv ðə rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən ʌv dʒəˈpæn/
Line 3
I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.
/aɪ wɑːz ə ˈwɪtnəs ˌɔːlˈðoʊ æt ðæt taɪm aɪ dɪd nɑːt ˌkɑːmpriˈhend ðə ˈmuːvmənt bʌt aɪ ənd ðoʊz fjuː huː ɑːr stɪl ˈlɪvɪŋ duː naʊ/
Line 4
From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.
Line 5
From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

autonomous adjective US /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/

(of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces

From this reading “From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.”

expanded adjective US /ɪkˈspændəd/

increased in extent or size or bulk or scope

From this reading “From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.”

federation noun US /ˌfedərˈeɪʃən/

an organization formed by merging several groups or parties

From this reading “From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.”

Formosa noun US /fɔːrˈmoʊsə/

an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea

From this reading “From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.”

forty-five noun US /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading “From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.”

mutually adverb US /ˈmjuːtʃuːəli/

in a mutual or shared manner

From this reading “From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.”

occupying verb US /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading “From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.”

rejuvenation noun US /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/

the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored

From this reading “I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

square miles verb + noun counted as “square mile”

an area of 640 acres

In this reading “From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.”

still living adjective + noun

In this reading “I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.”

tell the story verb + article + noun counted as “tell … story”

In this reading “I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.”

at bay preposition + noun

forced to turn and face attackers

In this reading “From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

150,000

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/

a component that is added to something to improve it

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

autonomousadjectiveUS /ɔːˈtɑːnəməs/

(of political bodies) not controlled by outside forces

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

baynounUS /beɪ/

an indentation of a shoreline larger than a cove but smaller than a gulf

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

Berwick

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

ChinanounUS /ˈtʃaɪnə/

a communist nation that covers a vast territory in eastern Asia; the most populous country in the world

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

ColornounUS /ˈkʌlər/

a visual attribute of things that results from the light they emit or transmit or reflect

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

comprehendverbUS /ˌkɑːmpriˈhend/

get the meaning of something

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

EmpirenounUS /ˈempaɪər/

the domain ruled by an emperor or empress; the region over which imperial dominion is exercised

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

etc

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

expandedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspændəd/

increased in extent or size or bulk or scope

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

federationnounUS /ˌfedərˈeɪʃən/

an organization formed by merging several groups or parties

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

FormosanounUS /fɔːrˈmoʊsə/

an island in southeastern Asia 100 miles off the coast of mainland China in the South China Sea

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

forty-fivenounUS /ˈfɔːrtifaɪv/

a .45-caliber pistol

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

givingnounUS /ˈɡɪvɪŋ/

the act of giving

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

grownadjectiveUS /ɡroʊn/

(of animals) fully developed

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

HeroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

holdsnounUS /hoʊldz/

plural of “hold” — the act of grasping

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

IllustratedverbUS /ˈɪləstreɪtəd/

past form of “illustrate” — clarify by giving an example of

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

JapannounUS /dʒəˈpæn/

a string of more than 3,000 islands to the east of Asia extending 1,300 miles between the Sea of Japan and the western Pacific Ocean

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

JapanesenounUS /ˌdʒæpəˈniːz/

a native or inhabitant of Japan

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

MassnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

metamorphosed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

milesnounUS /maɪlz/

plural of “mile” — a unit of length equal to 1,760 yards or 5,280 feet; exactly 1609.344 meters

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

millionsnounUS /ˈmɪljənz/

plural of “million” — the number that is represented as a one followed by 6 zeros

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

movementnounUS /ˈmuːvmənt/

a change of position that does not entail a change of location

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

mutuallyadverbUS /ˈmjuːtʃuːəli/

in a mutual or shared manner

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

nationnounUS /ˈneɪʃən/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

Norwood

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

obligationsnounUS /ˌɑːbləˈɡeɪʃənz/

plural of “obligation” — the social force that binds you to the courses of action demanded by that force

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

occupyingverbUS /ˈɑːkjəpaɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “occupy” — keep busy with

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

oligarchies

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

opportunitynounUS /ˌɑːpərˈtuːnəti/

a possibility due to a favorable combination of circumstances

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

PicturesnounUS /ˈpɪktʃərz/

plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

populationnounUS /ˌpɑːpjəˈleɪʃən/

the people who inhabit a territory or state

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

publishersnounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃərz/

plural of “publisher” — a firm in the publishing business

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

rejuvenationnounUS /rɪˌdʒuːvəˈneɪʃən/

the phenomenon of vitality and freshness being restored

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

RussianounUS /ˈrʌʃə/

a former communist country in eastern Europe and northern Asia; established in 1922; included Russia and 14 other soviet socialist republics (Ukraine and Byelorussia and others); officially dissolved 31 December 1991

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

SmithnounUS /smɪθ/

Rhodesian statesman who declared independence of Zimbabwe from Great Britain (born in 1919)

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

squareverbUS /skwer/

make square

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

StorynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

tellverbUS /tel/

express in words

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

thirtynounUS /ˈθɜːrdiː/

the cardinal number that is the product of ten and three

From this reading From a nation occupying 150,000 square miles, it has expanded by the addition of Formosa, and its population has grown from thirty millions to forty-five millions.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading I am under deep obligations to the publishers, for giving me an opportunity to tell the story of the rejuvenation of Japan.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading From a federation of mutually autonomous oligarchies, Japan was metamorphosed into an Empire which holds Russia at bay.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading _Author of The Story of Japan, The Story of China, Heroic Japan, etc., etc._ _Illustrated with original Japanese Color Pictures_ Norwood Press Berwick & Smith, Norwood, Mass., U. S. A.

witnessnounUS /ˈwɪtnəs/

someone who sees an event and reports what happened

From this reading I was a witness, although at that time I did not comprehend the movement, but I, and those few who are still living, do now.

Chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan by R. (Robert) Van Bergen holds 423 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan contain?

Chapter 1 holds 423 sentences of A Boy of Old Japan, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan by R. (Robert) Van Bergen exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 423 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Boy of Old Japan?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 85 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Boy of Old Japan

Common questions about reading A Boy of Old Japan by R. (Robert) Van Bergen on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Boy of Old Japan?

Yes. All 2576 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #56297 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Boy of Old Japan is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #56297, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Boy of Old Japan take to read?

About 214 minutes of reading across 516 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Boy of Old Japan section by section

How to work through A Boy of Old Japan section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 6 chapters of A Boy of Old Japan to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Boy of Old Japan

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Boy of Old Japan, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Boy of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Story
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Boy of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Japan
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Boy of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
China
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Boy of Old Japan; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.