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A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2
A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2 is here in full — 576 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/115 · 5 lines
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MODERN ENGLISH.
1.
+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.
Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.
Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2

Chapter V · Chapter 5

Chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2 is here in full — 576 sentences across 116 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/115 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
MODERN ENGLISH.
/ˈmɑːdərn ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/
Line 2
1.
Line 3
+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.
Line 4
Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.
/ˈeni ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən ʌv ˈɔːrdəneri ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən kæn red ə bʊk bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ tuː ðə ˈlætər pɑːrt ʌv ðə fɪfˈtiːnθ ɔːr tuː ðə sɪkˈstiːnθ ˈsentʃəri wɪˈθaʊt ˈdɪfəkəlti/
Line 5
Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.
/sɪns ðæt taɪm ðə ˈɡræmər ʌv ˈaʊər ˈlæŋɡwədʒ hæz ˈhɑːrdli tʃeɪndʒd æt ɔːl ðoʊ wiː hæv ˈɔːltərd ənd ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd ˈaʊər voʊˈkæbjəleri ənd hæv əˈdɑːptɪd ˈθaʊzəndz ʌv nuː wɜːrdz/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

constitution noun US /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading “+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.”

enlarged adjective US /ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd/

(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells

From this reading “Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.”

fifteenth adjective US /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading “Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.”

grammar noun US /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading “+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.”

noticeable adjective US /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading “+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.”

reign verb US /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading “+Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.”

sixteenth adjective US /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading “Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.”

vocabulary noun US /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading “Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading 1.

1485

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

adoptedadjectiveUS /əˈdɑːptɪd/

acquired as your own by free choice

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

alteredadjectiveUS /ˈɔːltərd/

changed in form or character without becoming something else

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

AnyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

belongingnounUS /bɪˈlɔːŋɪŋ/

happiness felt in a secure relationship

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

constitutionnounUS /ˌkɑːnstəˈtuːʃən/

law determining the fundamental political principles of a government

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

datenounUS /deɪt/

the specified day of the month

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

educationnounUS /ˌedʒəˈkeɪʃən/

the activities of educating or instructing; activities that impart knowledge or skill

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

ENGLISHnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading MODERN ENGLISH.

EnglishmannounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃmən/

a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

enlargedadjectiveUS /ˌenˈlɑːrdʒd/

(of an organ or body part) excessively enlarged as a result of increased size in the constituent cells

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

extremelyadverbUS /ekˈstriːmli/

to a high degree or extent; favorably or with much respect

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

fifteenthadjectiveUS /fɪfˈtiːnθ/

coming next after the fourteenth and just before the sixteenth in position

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

FixedadjectiveUS /fɪkst/

(of a number) having a fixed and unchanging value

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

GrammarnounUS /ˈɡræmər/

the branch of linguistics that deals with syntax and morphology (and sometimes also deals with semantics)

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

HenrynounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

MODERNadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading MODERN ENGLISH.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

noticeableadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊtəsəbəl/

capable or worthy of being noticed

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

readverbUS /red/

interpret something that is written or printed

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

sixteenthadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːnθ/

coming next after the fifteenth in position

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

thousandsnounUS /ˈθaʊzəndz/

plural of “thousand” — the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

VIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading +Grammar Fixed.+-- From the date of 1485-- that is, from the beginning of the reign of Henry VII.-- the changes in the grammar or constitution of our language are so extremely small, that they are hardly noticeable.

vocabularynounUS /voʊˈkæbjəleri/

a listing of the words used in some enterprise

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

withoutprepositionUS /wɪˈθaʊt/

not having, not using, or not accompanied by

From this reading Any Englishman of ordinary education can read a book belonging to the latter part of the fifteenth or to the sixteenth century without difficulty.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Since that time the grammar of our language has hardly changed at all, though we have altered and enlarged our vocabulary, and have adopted thousands of new words.

Chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2 by J. M. D. (John Miller Dow) Meiklejohn holds 576 sentences, grouped into 116 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2 contain?

Chapter 5 holds 576 sentences of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2, unabridged, divided into 116 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2 by J. M. D. (John Miller Dow) Meiklejohn exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 576 sentences, grouped into 116 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 5 of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2?

Work through the 116 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 116 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #21665, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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Vocabulary met early in A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Periods
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Brief History of the English Language — Vol. 2; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
English
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Living
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Languages
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