Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II
A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is here in full — 386 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II
Context Illustration Reading 1/77 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.
He is to collect nations into one family.
He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.
Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.
But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is here in full — 386 sentences across 78 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/77 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.
Line 2
He is to collect nations into one family.
/hiː ɪz tuː kəˈlekt ˈneɪʃənz ˈɪntuː wʌn ˈfæməli/
Line 3
He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.
Line 4
Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.
Line 5
But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

announces verb US /əˈnaʊnsɪz/

third-person singular of “announce” — make known; make an announcement

From this reading “The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.”

Collard noun US /ˈkɑːlərd/

variety of kale having smooth leaves

From this reading “But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.”

Descartes noun US /deɪˈkɑːrt/

French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)

From this reading “Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.”

Galileo noun US /ˌɡæləˈliːoʊ/

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

From this reading “The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.”

massacre verb US /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading “But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.”

predecessors noun US /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading “The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.”

Protestants noun US /ˈprɑːtəstənts/

plural of “protestant” — an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading “But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.”

retribution noun US /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading “But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

human race adjective + noun

all of the living human inhabitants of the earth

In this reading “He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.”

name of verb + particle

In this reading “The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.”

All words in this reading · 72

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

189

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

190

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

49th

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

94

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

announcesverbUS /əˈnaʊnsɪz/

third-person singular of “announce” — make known; make an announcement

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

BaconnounUS /ˈbeɪkən/

back and sides of a hog salted and dried or smoked; usually sliced thin and fried

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

BaileynounUS /ˈbeɪli/

United States singer (1918-1990)

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

Barthelemy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

Bartholomew

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

Boccaccionoun

Italian poet (born in France) (1313-1375)

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

CollardnounUS /ˈkɑːlərd/

variety of kale having smooth leaves

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

collectverbUS /kəˈlekt/

get or gather together

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

DescartesnounUS /deɪˈkɑːrt/

French philosopher and mathematician; developed dualistic theory of mind and matter; introduced the use of coordinates to locate a point in two or three dimensions (1596-1650)

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

Emanuel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

EnglandnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

familynounUS /ˈfæməli/

a social unit living together

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

Filopanti

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

FrancenounUS /fræns/

a republic in western Europe; the largest country wholly in Europe

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

GalileonounUS /ˌɡæləˈliːoʊ/

Italian astronomer and mathematician who was the first to use a telescope to study the stars

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

hangedverbUS /hæŋd/

past form of “hang” — be suspended or hanging

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

humanadjectiveUS /ˈhjuːmən/

characteristic of humanity

From this reading He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.

IIInoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

immediateadjectiveUS /ˌɪˈmiːdiːət/

of the present time and place

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

IXnoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of eight and one

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

killedverbUS /kɪld/

past form of “kill” — cause to die; put to death, usually intentionally or knowingly

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

knowsnounUS /noʊz/

plural of “know” — the fact of being aware of information that is known to few people

From this reading He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

massacreverbUS /ˈmæsəkər/

kill a large number of people indiscriminately

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

murderverbUS /ˈmɜːrdər/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

nameverbUS /neɪm/

assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

nationsnounUS /ˈneɪʃənz/

plural of “nation” — a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

NewtonnounUS /ˈnuːtən/

English mathematician and physicist; remembered for developing the calculus and for his law of gravitation and his three laws of motion (1642-1727)

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

predecessorsnounUS /ˈpredəsesərz/

plural of “predecessor” — one who precedes you in time (as in holding a position or office)

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

ProtestantsnounUS /ˈprɑːtəstənts/

plural of “protestant” — an adherent of Protestantism

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

racenounUS /reɪs/

any competition

From this reading He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.

retributionnounUS /ˌret.rəˈbjuː.ʃən/

Punishment inflicted on someone as vengeance for a wrong act. (Sự trừng phạt, quả báo thích đáng.)

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

Roger

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

shoutingnounUS /ˈʃaʊtɪŋ/

encouragement in the form of cheers from spectators

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

St

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He is to collect nations into one family.

transmigrations

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

WashingtonnounUS /ˈwɑːʃɪŋtən/

the capital of the United States in the District of Columbia and a tourist mecca; George Washington commissioned Charles L'Enfant to lay out the city in 1791

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The name of the author is Filopanti.[189] He announces himself as the 49th and last Emanuel: his immediate {94} predecessors were Emanuel Washington, Emanuel Newton, and Emanuel Galileo.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading He knows the transmigrations of the whole human race.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But Charles IX,[190] in retribution for the massacre of St. Bartholomew, was hanged in London under the name of Barthelemy for the murder of Collard: and many of the Protestants whom he killed as King of France were shouting at his death before the Old Bailey.

William

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Thus Descartes became William III of England: Roger Bacon became Boccaccio.

Chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan holds 386 sentences, grouped into 78 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II contain?

Chapter 4 holds 386 sentences of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II, unabridged, divided into 78 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 386 sentences, grouped into 78 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II?

Work through the 78 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 78 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Common questions about reading A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II?

Yes. All 7048 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26408 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26408, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II take to read?

About 587 minutes of reading across 1410 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II section by section

How to work through A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 18 chapters of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Listed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.