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A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II
A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II
Context Illustration Reading 1/75 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
{182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.
Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.
By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.
That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.
The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Chapter VII

Chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is here in full — 376 sentences across 76 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/75 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
{182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.
Line 2
Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.
/ˈprɑːdʒekt ʌv ə nuː ˈsɪstəm ʌv ˌerɪθˈmetɪk weɪt ˈmeʒər ənd kɔɪnz prəˈpoʊzd tuː biː kɔːld ðə ˈtoʊnəl ˈsɪstəm wɪð sɪkˈstiːn tuː ðə beɪs/
Line 3
By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.
Line 4
That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.
Line 5
The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

arithmetic noun US /ˌerɪθˈmetɪk/

the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

base noun US /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

coins noun US /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

Philadelphia noun US /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading “By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.”

Project verb US /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

proposed verb US /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

sixteen adjective US /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

tonal adjective US /ˈtoʊnəl/

employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words

From this reading “{182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

new system adjective + noun

In this reading “Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.”

All words in this reading · 47

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

10

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

182

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading {182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.

1862

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

314

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

8

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

arithmeticnounUS /ˌerɪθˈmetɪk/

the branch of pure mathematics dealing with the theory of numerical calculations

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

basenounUS /beɪs/

installation from which a military force initiates operations

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

changedadjectiveUS /tʃeɪndʒd/

made or become different in nature or form

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

coinsnounUS /kɔɪnz/

plural of “coin” — a flat metal piece (usually a disc) used as money

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

JnounUS /dʒeɪ/

a unit of electrical energy equal to the work done when a current of one ampere passes through a resistance of one ohm for one second

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

JacknounUS /dʒæk/

a small worthless amount

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

Jill

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

languagenounUS /ˈlæŋɡwədʒ/

a systematic means of communicating by the use of sounds or conventional symbols

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

measurenounUS /ˈmeʒər/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

Mystrom

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

PhiladelphianounUS /ˌfɪləˈdelfiə/

the largest city in Pennsylvania; located in the southeastern part of the state on the Delaware river; site of Independence Hall where the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution were signed; site of the University of Pennsylvania

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

ProjectverbUS /ˈprɑːdʒekt/

communicate vividly

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

proposedverbUS /prəˈpoʊzd/

past form of “propose” — make a proposal, declare a plan for something

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

sixteenadjectiveUS /sɪkˈstiːn/

being one more than fifteen

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

sixteen-stringed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

SYSTEMnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading {182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.

takeverbUS /teɪk/

carry out

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

tennounUS /ten/

the cardinal number that is the sum of nine and one; the base of the decimal system

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

ThatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading {182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

TONALadjectiveUS /ˈtoʊnəl/

employing variations in pitch to distinguish meanings of otherwise similar words

From this reading {182} THE TONAL SYSTEM.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

vo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

WnounUS /ˈdʌbəljuː/

a heavy grey-white metallic element; the pure form is used mainly in electrical applications; it is found in several ores including wolframite and scheelite

From this reading By J. W. Mystrom.[314] Philadelphia, 1862, 8vo.

weightnounUS /weɪt/

the vertical force exerted by a mass as a result of gravity

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

wholeadjectiveUS /hoʊl/

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Project of a new system of arithmetic, weight, measure, and coins, proposed to be called the tonal system, with sixteen to the base.

womannounUS /ˈwʊmən/

an adult female person (as opposed to a man)

From this reading The whole language is to be changed; every man of us is to be sixteen-stringed Jack and every woman sixteen-stringed Jill.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading That is to say, sixteen is to take the place of ten, and to be written 10.

Chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan holds 376 sentences, grouped into 76 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II contain?

Chapter 7 holds 376 sentences of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II, unabridged, divided into 76 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 376 sentences, grouped into 76 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 7 of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II?

Work through the 76 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 76 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 7 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 7 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Common questions about reading A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II by Augustus De Morgan on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II?

Yes. All 7048 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26408 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26408, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II take to read?

About 587 minutes of reading across 1410 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II section by section

How to work through A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Typographical
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corrected
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Listed
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Budget of Paradoxes, Volume II; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.