Learn English through classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Bundle of Ballads
A Bundle of Ballads

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Bundle of Ballads
Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.
The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.
They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.
As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Bundle of Ballads

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads is here in full — 107 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.
/ˌresəˈteɪʃən wɪð drəˈmætɪk ˈenərdʒi baɪ men huːz ˈbɪznəs ɪt wɑːz tuː ˈtrævəl frʌm wʌn ɡreɪt haʊs tuː əˈnʌðər ənd dɪˈlaɪt ðə ˈpiːpəl baɪ ðə weɪ wɑːz ˈjuːʒəwəl əˈmʌŋ ʌs frʌm ðə fɜːrst/
Line 2
The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
Line 3
These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.
/ðiːz wɜːr ˈfɑːloʊd baɪ ðə ˈmɪnstrəlz ənd ˈʌðər ˈtelərz ʌv teɪlz ˈrɪtən fɔːr ðə ˈpiːpəl/
Line 4
They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.
Line 5
As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Cunningham noun US /ˈkʌnɪŋhæm/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)

From this reading “As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.”

fairs noun US /ferz/

plural of “fair” — a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.

From this reading “They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.”

itinerant noun US /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

a laborer who moves from place to place as demanded by employment

From this reading “As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.”

minstrels noun US /ˈmɪnstrəlz/

plural of “minstrel” — a singer of folk songs

From this reading “These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.”

peasantry noun US /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading “As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.”

Recitation noun US /ˌresəˈteɪʃən/

written matter that is recited from memory

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

reformers noun US /rɪˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “reformer” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading “They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.”

tellers noun US /ˈtelərz/

plural of “teller” — United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bomb and the first hydrogen bomb (1908-2003)

From this reading “These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1822

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Allan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

Anglo-Saxonnoun

a native or inhabitant of England prior to the Norman Conquest

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

appealsnounUS /əˈpiːlz/

plural of “appeal” — earnest or urgent request

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

balladnounUS /ˈbæləd/

a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

businessnounUS /ˈbɪznəs/

a commercial or industrial enterprise and the people who constitute it

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

collectionnounUS /kəˈlekʃən/

several things grouped together or considered as a whole

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

craftnounUS /kræft/

the skilled practice of a practical occupation

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

CunninghamnounUS /ˈkʌnɪŋhæm/

United States dancer and choreographer (born in 1922)

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

delightverbUS /dɪˈlaɪt/

give pleasure to or be pleasing to

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

dramaticadjectiveUS /drəˈmætɪk/

suitable to or characteristic of drama

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

earnedadjectiveUS /ɜːrnd/

gained or acquired; especially through merit or as a result of effort or action

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

energynounUS /ˈenərdʒi/

(physics) a thermodynamic quantity equivalent to the capacity of a physical system to do work; the units of energy are joules or ergs

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

fairsnounUS /ferz/

plural of “fair” — a traveling show; having sideshows and rides and games of skill etc.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

followedverbUS /ˈfɑːloʊd/

past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

forefathersnounUS /ˈfɔːrfɑːðərz/

plural of “forefather” — the founder of a family

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

formnounUS /fɔːrm/

the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

frequentedverbUS /ˈfriːkwəntɪd/

past form of “frequent” — do one's shopping at; do business with; be a customer or client of

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

glee-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

heroicadjectiveUS /hɪˈroʊɪk/

very imposing or impressive; surpassing the ordinary (especially in size or scale)

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

housesnounUS /ˈhaʊsəz/

plural of “house” — a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/

past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

itinerantnounUS /aɪˈtɪnərənt/

a laborer who moves from place to place as demanded by employment

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

knowledgenounUS /ˈnɑːlədʒ/

the psychological result of perception and learning and reasoning

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

legendsnounUS /ˈledʒəndz/

plural of “legend” — a story about mythical or supernatural beings or events

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

merrymakings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

minstrelsnounUS /ˈmɪnstrəlz/

plural of “minstrel” — a singer of folk songs

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

PeasantrynounUS /ˈpezəntri/

the class of peasants

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

publicnounUS /ˈpʌblɪk/

people in general considered as a whole

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

publishingnounUS /ˈpʌblɪʃɪŋ/

the business of issuing printed matter for sale or distribution

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

RecitationnounUS /ˌresəˈteɪʃən/

written matter that is recited from memory

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

recitedverbUS /rəˈsaɪtɪd/

past form of “recite” — recite in elocution

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

recollectionnounUS /ˌrekəˈlekʃən/

the ability to recall past occurrences

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

reformersnounUS /rɪˈfɔːrmərz/

plural of “reformer” — a disputant who advocates reform

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

scop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

ScottishnounUS /ˈskɑːtɪʃ/

the dialect of English used in Scotland

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

socialadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊʃəl/

relating to human society and its members

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

spokenounUS /spoʊk/

support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

spreadingnounUS /ˈspredɪŋ/

process or result of distributing or extending over a wide expanse of space

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

story-tellers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

sympathynounUS /ˈsɪmpəθi/

an inclination to support or be loyal to or to agree with an opinion

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

talesnounUS /teɪlz/

plural of “tale” — a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

tellersnounUS /ˈtelərz/

plural of “teller” — United States physicist (born in Hungary) who worked on the first atom bomb and the first hydrogen bomb (1908-2003)

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

TraditionaladjectiveUS /trəˈdɪʃənəl/

consisting of or derived from tradition

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

usualadjectiveUS /ˈjuːʒəwəl/

occurring or encountered or experienced or observed frequently or in accordance with regular practice or procedure

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

welcomedverbUS /ˈwelkəmd/

past form of “welcome” — accept gladly

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads by Henry [Editor] Morley holds 107 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads contain?

Chapter 1 holds 107 sentences of A Bundle of Ballads, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads by Henry [Editor] Morley exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 107 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Bundle of Ballads?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Bundle of Ballads

Common questions about reading A Bundle of Ballads by Henry [Editor] Morley on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Bundle of Ballads?

Yes. All 1660 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #2831 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Bundle of Ballads is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #2831, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Bundle of Ballads take to read?

About 138 minutes of reading across 332 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Bundle of Ballads section by section

How to work through A Bundle of Ballads section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of A Bundle of Ballads to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Bundle of Ballads

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Bundle of Ballads, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Recitation
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Bundle of Ballads; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Dramatic
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Bundle of Ballads; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Energy
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Bundle of Ballads; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Whose
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Bundle of Ballads; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.