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A Bundle of Ballads
A Bundle of Ballads

Chapter I

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Context Illustration Reading 1/62 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.
The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.
They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.
As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Bundle of Ballads

Chapter I

Reading 1/62 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.
Line 2
The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.
Line 3
These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.
Line 4
They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.
Line 5
As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Learner Dictionary

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, audio, and collocations from this reading.

Among preposition US /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

Another noun US /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

Craft noun US /kræft/

a boat or ship in this chapter’s sailing situation

From this reading “As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.”

First noun US /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

Great noun US /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

One pronoun US /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

These determiner US /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading “These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.”

Whose determiner US /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading “Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word is available to listen to. Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1822

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From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Allan

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

also

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

Anglo-Saxon

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

anothernounUS /ˈanother/

a story-specific word describing an important person, object, action, or idea in this passage

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

appeals

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

ballad

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

business

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

collection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

craftnounUS /kræft/

a boat or ship in this chapter’s sailing situation

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Cunningham

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

delight

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

dramatic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

earned

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

energy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

English

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

fairs

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

firstnounUS /first/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

followed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

forefathers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

form

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

frequented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

glee-man

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

greatnounUS /great/

an important story-specific word used in this passage

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

heroic

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

house

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

houses

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

invented

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

itinerant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

knowledge

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

late

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

legends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

living

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

men

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

merrymakings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

minstrels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

only

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

other

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

own

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Peasantry

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

people

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

prose

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

public

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

publishing

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

Recitation

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

recited

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

recollection

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

reformers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

scop

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

Scottish

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

social

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

spoke

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

spreading

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

story-tellers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

sympathy

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

tales

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The scop invented and the glee-man recited heroic legends and other tales to our Anglo-Saxon forefathers.

tellers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

ThesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They frequented fairs and merrymakings, spreading the knowledge not only of tales in prose or ballad form, but of appeals also to public sympathy from social reformers.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

Traditional

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

travel

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

uspronounUS /ʌs/

the speaker and others, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

usual

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

way

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

welcomed

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.

whosedeterminerUS /huːz/

belonging to which person

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Recitation with dramatic energy by men whose business it was to travel from one great house to another and delight the people by the way, was usual among us from the first.

written

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading These were followed by the minstrels and other tellers of tales written for the people.

year

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading As late as the year 1822, Allan Cunningham, in publishing a collection of "Traditional Tales of the English and Scottish Peasantry," spoke from his own recollection of itinerant story-tellers who were welcomed in the houses of the peasantry and earned a living by their craft.