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A century of English essays
A century of English essays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A century of English essays is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A century of English essays
Context Illustration Reading 1/79 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.
Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.
Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.
See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.
A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A century of English essays

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A century of English essays is here in full — 396 sentences across 80 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/79 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.
/ə ˈveri smɔːl ˈnʌmbər ʌv ˈprɪntərz ˈerərz hæv bɪn kərˈektəd baɪ ˈrefərəns tuː ˈʌðər ɪˈdɪʃənz/
Line 2
Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.
/ˈfʊtnoʊts hæv bɪn muːvd frʌm ðə ˈbɑːtəm ʌv ðə ərˈɪdʒənəl peɪdʒ tuː dʒʌst bɪˈloʊ ðə rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ ˈpærəɡræf ɔːr ɪn ə fjuː ˈkeɪsəz tuː dʒʌst ˈæftər ðə rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ ˈsentəns/
Line 3
Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.
Line 4
See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.
Line 5
A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

attribution noun US /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃən/

assigning some quality or character to a person or thing

From this reading “Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.”

detailed adjective US /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading “See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.”

Footnotes noun US /ˈfʊtnoʊts/

plural of “footnote” — a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading “Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.”

pigskin noun US /ˈpɪɡskɪn/

leather from the skin of swine

From this reading “A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.”

printer's noun US /ˈprɪntərz/

possessive form of “printer” — someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading “A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.”

referring verb US /rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading “Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.”

styles noun US /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading “A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.”

Vaughan noun US /vɔːn/

United States jazz singer noted for her complex bebop phrasing and scat singing (1924-1990)

From this reading “A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

gilt top adjective + noun

In this reading “A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.”

original page adjective + noun

In this reading “Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.”

at the end preposition + article + noun counted as “at … end”

In this reading “See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.”

small number adjective + noun

In this reading “A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.”

from the bottom preposition + article + noun counted as “from … bottom”

In this reading “Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.”

All words in this reading · 79

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

appearverbUS /əˈpɪr/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

applyverbUS /əˈplaɪ/

put into service; make work or employ for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

attributionnounUS /ˌætrɪˈbjuːʃən/

assigning some quality or character to a person or thing

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

AuthornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

backadverbUS /bæk/

in or to or toward a former location

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

belowprepositionUS /bɪˈloʊ/

at or to a lower level than something

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

bindingnounUS /ˈbaɪndɪŋ/

the capacity to attract and hold something

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

bottomnounUS /ˈbɑːtəm/

the lower side of anything

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

CenturynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

ChosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

clothnounUS /klɔːθ/

artifact made by weaving or felting or knitting or crocheting natural or synthetic fibers

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

colouredadjectiveUS /ˈkʌlərd/

having color or a certain color; sometimes used in combination

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

cornersnounUS /ˈkɔːrnərz/

plural of “corner” — a place off to the side of an area

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

correctedadjectiveUS /kərˈektəd/

having something undesirable neutralized

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

detailedadjectiveUS /dɪˈteɪld/

developed or executed with care and in minute detail

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

editionsnounUS /ɪˈdɪʃənz/

plural of “edition” — the form in which a text (especially a printed book) is published

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

Ernest

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

errorsnounUS /ˈerərz/

plural of “error” — a wrong action attributable to bad judgment or ignorance or inattention

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

essaynounUS /eˈseɪ/

an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

EssaysnounUS /eˈseɪz/

plural of “essay” — an analytic or interpretive literary composition

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

flatadjectiveUS /flæt/

having a surface without slope, tilt in which no part is higher or lower than another

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

FootnotesnounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊts/

plural of “footnote” — a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

giltadjectiveUS /ɡɪlt/

having the deep slightly brownish color of gold

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

leathernounUS /ˈleðər/

an animal skin made smooth and flexible by removing the hair and then tanning

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

librarynounUS /ˈlaɪbreriː/

a room where books are kept

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

linenounUS /laɪn/

a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

LloydnounUS /lɔɪd/

United States comic actor in silent films; he used physical danger as a source of comedy (1893-1971)

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

movedadjectiveUS /muːvd/

being excited or provoked to the expression of an emotion

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

notenounUS /noʊt/

a brief written record

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

numbernounUS /ˈnʌmbər/

the property possessed by a sum or total or indefinite quantity of units or individuals

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

pagenounUS /peɪdʒ/

one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

paragraphnounUS /ˈpærəɡræf/

one of several distinct subdivisions of a text intended to separate ideas; the beginning is usually marked by a new indented line

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

pigskinnounUS /ˈpɪɡskɪn/

leather from the skin of swine

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

printer'snounUS /ˈprɪntərz/

possessive form of “printer” — someone whose occupation is printing

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

quarternounUS /ˈkwɔːrtər/

one of four equal parts

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

referringverbUS /rɪˈfɜːrɪŋ/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

regularized

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

Rhys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

ROMANCEnounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

SeeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

sentencenounUS /ˈsentəns/

a string of words satisfying the grammatical rules of a language

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

smalladjectiveUS /smɔːl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

stylesnounUS /staɪlz/

plural of “style” — how something is done or how it happens

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Footnotes have been moved from the bottom of the original page to just below the referring paragraph, or in a few cases, to just after the referring sentence.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

topnounUS /tɑːp/

the upper part of anything

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

transcriber's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

VaughannounUS /vɔːn/

United States jazz singer noted for her complex bebop phrasing and scat singing (1924-1990)

From this reading A Century of English Essays Chosen by Ernest Rhys and Lloyd Vaughan REFERENCE ROMANCE In four styles of binding: cloth, flat back, coloured top; leather, round corners, gilt top; library binding in cloth, & quarter pigskin.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading A very small number of printer's errors have been corrected by reference to other editions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Author attribution lines have been regularized so that all appear one line below the essay to which they apply.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading See also the detailed transcriber's note at the end of the work.

Chapter 1 of A century of English essays by Ernest [Compiler] Rhys holds 396 sentences, grouped into 80 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A century of English essays contain?

Chapter 1 holds 396 sentences of A century of English essays, unabridged, divided into 80 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A century of English essays by Ernest [Compiler] Rhys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 396 sentences, grouped into 80 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A century of English essays?

Work through the 80 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 80 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A century of English essays

Common questions about reading A century of English essays by Ernest [Compiler] Rhys on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A century of English essays?

Yes. All 5979 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #32267 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A century of English essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #32267, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A century of English essays take to read?

About 498 minutes of reading across 1196 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A century of English essays section by section

How to work through A century of English essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A century of English essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in A century of English essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A century of English essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Number
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A century of English essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printer's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A century of English essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Errors
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A century of English essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.