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A century of English essays
A century of English essays

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of A century of English essays is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/85 · 5 lines
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THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.
The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.
In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.
If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.
On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A century of English essays

Chapter XII · Chapter 12

Chapter 12 of A century of English essays is here in full — 425 sentences across 85 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/85 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.
Line 2
The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.
Line 3
In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.
Line 4
If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.
/ɪf juː wɑːnt ə pɪn ʃiː dʒʌst fiːlz əˈbaʊt hɜːr ənd hæz ˈɔːlweɪz wʌn tuː ɡɪv juː/
Line 5
On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

afternoons noun US /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

apparel noun US /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading “The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.”

butcher verb US /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading “THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.”

jauntily adverb US /ˈdʒɔːntəli/

in a jaunty fashionable manner

From this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

pinned verb US /pɪnd/

inflected form of “pin” — to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading “In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.”

slovenly adjective US /ˈslʌvənli/

negligent of neatness especially in dress and person; habitually dirty and unkempt

From this reading “The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.”

Sundays noun US /ˈsʌndeɪz/

plural of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

texture noun US /ˈtekstʃər/

the feel of a surface or a fabric

From this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

lays aside verb + particle counted as “lay aside”

accumulate money for future use

In this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

black stockings adjective + noun counted as “black stocking”

In this reading “In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.”

latter case adjective + noun

In this reading “In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.”

puts on verb + particle counted as “put on”

put clothing on one's body

In this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

all times adjective + noun

In this reading “The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.”

by the way preposition + article + noun counted as “by … way”

introducing a different topic

In this reading “On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.”

feels about verb + particle counted as “feel about”

In this reading “If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.”

All words in this reading · 97

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

51

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

accordingadjectiveUS /əˈkɔːrdɪŋ/

(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

afternoonsnounUS /ˌæftərˈnuːnz/

plural of “afternoon” — the part of the day between noon and evening

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

apparelnounUS /əˈpærəl/

clothing in general

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

asideadverbUS /əˈsaɪd/

on or to one side

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

becomeverbUS /bɪˈkʌm/

enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

behindprepositionUS /bɪˈhaɪnd/

at or toward the back of something

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

betteradjectiveUS /ˈbetər/

(comparative of “good”) superior to another (of the same class or set or kind) in excellence or quality or desirability or suitability; more highly skilled than another

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

blackadjectiveUS /blæk/

being of the achromatic color of maximum darkness; having little or no hue owing to absorption of almost all incident light

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

butcherverbUS /ˈbʊtʃər/

kill (animals) usually for food consumption

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

butlernounUS /ˈbʌtlər/

a manservant (usually the head servant of a household) who has charge of wines and the table

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

casenounUS /keɪs/

an occurrence of something

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

changesnounUS /ˈtʃeɪndʒəz/

plural of “change” — an event that occurs when something passes from one state or phase to another

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

consideredadjectiveUS /kənˈsɪdərd/

carefully weighed

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

cornerwise

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

cousinnounUS /ˈkʌzən/

the child of your aunt or uncle

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

curlsnounUS /kɜːrlz/

plural of “curl” — a round shape formed by a series of concentric circles (as formed by leaves or flower petals)

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

dirtyadjectiveUS /ˈdɜːrti/

soiled or likely to soil with dirt or grime

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

domesticadjectiveUS /dəˈmestɪk/

of concern to or concerning the internal affairs of a nation

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

dressverbUS /dres/

put on clothes

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

dressedadjectiveUS /drest/

dressed or clothed especially in fine attire; often used in combination

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

else

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

feelsnounUS /fiːlz/

plural of “feel” — an intuitive awareness

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

fineadjectiveUS /faɪn/

being satisfactory or in satisfactory condition

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

gownnounUS /ɡaʊn/

a woman's dress, usually with a close-fitting bodice and a long flared skirt, often worn on formal occasions

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

halfadjectiveUS /hæf/

consisting of one of two equivalent parts in value or quantity

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

high-body

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

holidaysnounUS /ˈhɑːlədeɪz/

plural of “holiday” — leisure time away from work devoted to rest or pleasure

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

jauntilyadverbUS /ˈdʒɔːntəli/

in a jaunty fashionable manner

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

laysnounUS /leɪz/

plural of “lay” — a narrative song with a recurrent refrain

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

MAID-SERVANT

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

marriedadjectiveUS /ˈmerid/

joined in matrimony

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

Mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

neatadjectiveUS /niːt/

clean or organized

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

neck-handkerchief

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

ordinarynounUS /ˈɔːrdəneri/

a judge of a probate court

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

originaladjectiveUS /ərˈɪdʒənəl/

preceding all others in time or being as first made or performed

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

otherwiseadverbUS /ˈʌðərwaɪz/

in other respects or ways

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

patternnounUS /ˈpætərn/

a perceptual structure

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

pinverbUS /pɪn/

to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

pinnedverbUS /pɪnd/

inflected form of “pin” — to hold fast or prevent from moving

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

prettyadjectiveUS /ˈprɪti/

pleasing by delicacy or grace; not imposing

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

properlyadverbUS /ˈprɑːpərli/

in the right manner; correctly; suitably

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

putsnounUS /pʊts/

plural of “put” — the option to sell a given stock (or stock index or commodity future) at a given price before a given date

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

setsnounUS /sets/

plural of “set” — a group of things of the same kind that belong together and are so used

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

settledadjectiveUS /ˈsetəld/

established or decided beyond dispute or doubt

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

slovenlyadjectiveUS /ˈslʌvənli/

negligent of neatness especially in dress and person; habitually dirty and unkempt

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

snugadjectiveUS /snʌɡ/

offering safety; well protected or concealed

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

stationnounUS /ˈsteɪʃən/

a facility equipped with special equipment and personnel for a particular purpose

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

stockingsnounUS /ˈstɑːkɪŋz/

plural of “stocking” — close-fitting hosiery to cover the foot and leg; come in matched pairs (usually used in the plural)

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

stuffnounUS /stʌf/

the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object

From this reading In the latter case, her ordinary dress is black stockings, a stuff gown, a cap, and a neck-handkerchief pinned cornerwise behind.

SundaysnounUS /ˈsʌndeɪz/

plural of “sunday” — first day of the week; observed as a day of rest and worship by most Christians

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

texturenounUS /ˈtekstʃər/

the feel of a surface or a fabric

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

turnsnounUS /tɜːrnz/

plural of “turn” — a circular segment of a curve

From this reading The Maid-servant, in her apparel, is either slovenly and fine by turns, and dirty always; or she is at all times snug and neat, and dressed according to her station.

wantverbUS /wɑːnt/

feel or have a desire for; want strongly

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading On Sundays and holidays, and perhaps of afternoons, she changes her black stockings for white, puts on a gown of better texture and fine pattern, sets her cap and her curls jauntily, and lays aside the neck-handkerchief for a high-body, which, by the way, is not half so pretty.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If you want a pin, she just feels about her, and has always one to give you.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading THE MAID-SERVANT[51] Must be considered as young, or else she has married the butcher, the butler, or _her cousin_, or has otherwise settled into a character distinct from her original one, so as to become what is properly called the domestic.

Chapter 12 of A century of English essays by Ernest [Compiler] Rhys holds 425 sentences, grouped into 85 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 12 of A century of English essays contain?

Chapter 12 holds 425 sentences of A century of English essays, unabridged, divided into 85 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 12 of A century of English essays by Ernest [Compiler] Rhys exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 425 sentences, grouped into 85 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 12 of A century of English essays?

Work through the 85 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

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Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 12 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #32267, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 498 minutes of reading across 1196 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A century of English essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in A century of English essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Small
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Number
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Printer's
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Errors
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