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A Century of Parody and Imitation
A Century of Parody and Imitation

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation is here in full — 303 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/60 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'
GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.
Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.
Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'
It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Century of Parody and Imitation

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation is here in full — 303 sentences across 61 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/60 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'
/noʊ ˈɔːθər ˈevər sperd ə ˈbrʌðər wɪts ɑːr ˈɡeɪmkɔːks tuː wʌn əˈnʌðər/
Line 2
GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.
Line 3
Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.
/proʊz ˈperədiz ˌekˈseptɪŋ ðoʊz ɪn rɪˈdʒektɪd ˈæˈdresɪz hæv bɪn ɪkˈskluːdəd ðə ˌderəˈveɪʃən ʌv ðə wɜːrd ˈperədi meɪ biː rəˈfɜːrd tuː ɪn ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/
Line 4
Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'
/ˈemərsən roʊt ɪn hɪz ˈfeɪbəl ɔːl sɔːrts ʌv θɪŋz ənd ˈweðər mʌst biː ˈteɪkən ɪn təˈɡeðər tuː meɪk ʌp ə jɪr ənd ə sfɪr soʊ ɪn ðɪs ˈvɑːljuːm wɪl biː faʊnd ɔːl fɔːrmz ʌv ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃənz frʌm ɪn ˈmɪstər ˈoʊən ˈsiːmənz wɜːrdz ðə ˈloʊəst ə mɪr ˈvɜːrbəl ˈekoʊ tuː ðə ˈhaɪəst wer ɪt bɪˈkʌmz ə dɪˈpɑːrtmənt ʌv pjʊr ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/
Line 5
It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.
/ɪt ɪz kwaɪt ənˈnesəseri tuː æd tuː ðə ˈpʌblɪʃt mæs ʌv ˈraɪtɪŋ waɪz ənd ˈfuːlɪʃ ɑːn ðə ɑːrt ənd ˈeθɪks ʌv ˈperədi/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

compilation noun US /ˌkɑːmpəˈleɪʃən/

something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)

From this reading “GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.”

corpus noun US /ˈkɔːrpəs/

capital as contrasted with the income derived from it

From this reading “GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.”

derivation noun US /ˌderəˈveɪʃən/

the source or origin from which something derives (i.e. comes or issues)

From this reading “Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.”

entirety noun US /ɪnˈtaɪərti/

the state of being total and complete

From this reading “GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.”

gamecocks noun US /ˈɡeɪmkɔːks/

plural of “gamecock” — a cock bred and trained for fighting

From this reading “'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'”

imitations noun US /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “imitation” — the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading “GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.”

parodies noun US /ˈperədiz/

plural of “parody” — a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way

From this reading “GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.”

Seaman's noun US /ˈsiːmənz/

possessive form of “seaman” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading “Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

quite unnecessary adverb + adjective

In this reading “It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.”

all sorts adjective + noun counted as “all sort”

In this reading “Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'”

make up verb + adjective

form or compose

In this reading “Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'”

All words in this reading · 101

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1812

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

addverbUS /æd/

make an addition (to); join or combine or unite with others; increase the quality, quantity, size or scope of

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

AddressesnounUS /ˈæˈdresɪz/

plural of “address” — (computer science) the code that identifies where a piece of information is stored

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

authornounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

becomesverbUS /bɪˈkʌmz/

third-person singular of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

beginningnounUS /bɪˈɡɪnɪŋ/

the event consisting of the start of something

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

birthnounUS /bɜːrθ/

the time when something begins (especially life)

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

compilationnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈleɪʃən/

something that is compiled (as into a single book or file)

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

corpusnounUS /ˈkɔːrpəs/

capital as contrasted with the income derived from it

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

departmentnounUS /dɪˈpɑːrtmənt/

a specialized division of a large organization

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

derivationnounUS /ˌderəˈveɪʃən/

the source or origin from which something derives (i.e. comes or issues)

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

echoverbUS /ˈekoʊ/

to say again or imitate

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

EmersonnounUS /ˈemərsən/

United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

entiretynounUS /ɪnˈtaɪərti/

the state of being total and complete

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

ethicsnounUS /ˈeθɪks/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

exceptingverbUS /ˌekˈseptɪŋ/

-ing form of “except” — take exception to

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

excludedverbUS /ɪkˈskluːdəd/

past form of “exclude” — prevent from being included or considered or accepted

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

FablenounUS /ˈfeɪbəl/

a deliberately false or improbable account

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

foolishadjectiveUS /ˈfuːlɪʃ/

devoid of good sense or judgment

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

formsnounUS /fɔːrmz/

plural of “form” — the phonological or orthographic sound or appearance of a word that can be used to describe or identify something

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

foundverbUS /faʊnd/

set up or found

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

gamecocksnounUS /ˈɡeɪmkɔːks/

plural of “gamecock” — a cock bred and trained for fighting

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

GAYadjectiveUS /ɡeɪ/

bright and pleasant; promoting a feeling of cheer

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

highestadjectiveUS /ˈhaɪəst/

superlative of “high” — greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

imitationsnounUS /ˌɪmɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “imitation” — the doctrine that representations of nature or human behavior should be accurate imitations

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

justificationnounUS /ˌdʒʌstəfəˈkeɪʃən/

something (such as a fact or circumstance) that shows an action to be reasonable or necessary

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

lowestadjectiveUS /ˈloʊəst/

lowest in rank or importance

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

markedadjectiveUS /mɑːrkt/

strongly marked; easily noticeable

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

Mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

objectnounUS /ˈɑːbdʒekt/

a tangible and visible entity; an entity that can cast a shadow

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

OwennounUS /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

parodiesnounUS /ˈperədiz/

plural of “parody” — a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

parodynounUS /ˈperədi/

a composition that imitates or misrepresents somebody's style, usually in a humorous way

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

practicallyadverbUS /ˈpræktɪkli/

almost; nearly

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

printedverbUS /ˈprɪntɪd/

past form of “print” — put into print

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

ProsenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

provideverbUS /prəˈvaɪd/

give something useful or necessary to

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

publishedadjectiveUS /ˈpʌblɪʃt/

prepared and printed for distribution and sale

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

pureadjectiveUS /pjʊr/

free of extraneous elements of any kind

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

referredverbUS /rəˈfɜːrd/

inflected form of “refer” — make reference to

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

RejectedadjectiveUS /rɪˈdʒektɪd/

rebuffed (by a lover) without warning

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

representativenounUS /ˌreprəˈzentətɪv/

a person who represents others

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

Seaman'snounUS /ˈsiːmənz/

possessive form of “seaman” — a man who serves as a sailor

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

sparedverbUS /sperd/

past form of “spare” — refrain from harming

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

spherenounUS /sfɪr/

a particular environment or walk of life

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

thingsnounUS /θɪŋz/

any movable possession (especially articles of clothing)

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

togetheradverbUS /təˈɡeðər/

in contact with each other or in proximity

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

unnecessaryadjectiveUS /ənˈnesəseri/

not necessary

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

verbaladjectiveUS /ˈvɜːrbəl/

communicated in the form of words

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

volumenounUS /ˈvɑːljuːm/

the amount of 3-dimensional space occupied by an object

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

weathernounUS /ˈweðər/

the atmospheric conditions that comprise the state of the atmosphere in terms of temperature and wind and clouds and precipitation

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

wiseadjectiveUS /waɪz/

having or prompted by wisdom or discernment

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading GAY The object of this compilation is to provide a corpus of representative parodies and imitations of a century, beginning with _Rejected Addresses_ (1812), which practically marked the birth of modern parody, and are here printed in their entirety.

WitsnounUS /wɪts/

the basic human power of intelligent thought and perception

From this reading 'No author ever spared a brother, Wits are gamecocks to one another.'

wordnounUS /wɜːrd/

a unit of language that native speakers can identify

From this reading Prose parodies, excepting those in _Rejected Addresses_, have been excluded; the derivation of the word 'parody' may be referred to in justification.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading It is quite unnecessary to add to the published mass of writing, wise and foolish, on the art and ethics of parody.

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

yearnounUS /jɪr/

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading Emerson wrote in his 'Fable' '----all sorts of things and weather Must be taken in together To make up a year And a sphere; so in this volume will be found all forms of imitations from, in Mr. Owen Seaman's words, 'the lowest, a mere verbal echo, to the highest, where it becomes a department of pure criticism.'

Chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation by Walter [Editor] Jerrold holds 303 sentences, grouped into 61 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation contain?

Chapter 1 holds 303 sentences of A Century of Parody and Imitation, unabridged, divided into 61 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation by Walter [Editor] Jerrold exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 303 sentences, grouped into 61 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Century of Parody and Imitation?

Work through the 61 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 61 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Century of Parody and Imitation

Common questions about reading A Century of Parody and Imitation by Walter [Editor] Jerrold on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Century of Parody and Imitation?

Yes. All 5128 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #64229 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Century of Parody and Imitation is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #64229, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Century of Parody and Imitation take to read?

About 427 minutes of reading across 1026 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Century of Parody and Imitation section by section

How to work through A Century of Parody and Imitation section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Century of Parody and Imitation

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Century of Parody and Imitation, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Century of Parody and Imitation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Spared
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Century of Parody and Imitation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Brother
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Century of Parody and Imitation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Gamecocks
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Century of Parody and Imitation; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.