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A Changed Man, and Other Tales
A Changed Man, and Other Tales

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/13 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.
Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.
Her position is very critical.
The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.
Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Changed Man, and Other Tales

Chapter XXI · Chapter 21

Chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales is here in full — 68 sentences across 14 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/13 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.
Line 2
Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.
Line 3
Her position is very critical.
/hɜːr pəˈzɪʃən ɪz ˈveri ˈkrɪtɪkəl/
Line 4
The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.
Line 5
Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?
/ɔːt aɪ tuː hæv ˈrɪtən tuː tʃɑːrlz ˈsuːnər/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Caroline adjective US /ˈkerəlaɪn/

of or relating to the life and times of kings Charles I or Charles II of England

From this reading “Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.”

critical adjective US /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading “Her position is very critical.”

doubtful adjective US /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading “Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.”

recover verb US /rɪˈkʌvər/

get or find back; recover the use of

From this reading “Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.”

removal noun US /rɪˈmuːvəl/

the act of removing

From this reading “The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.”

restore verb US /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading “The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.”

September noun US /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading “September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.”

sinking noun US /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading “Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

19

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

anxiousadjectiveUS /ˈæŋkʃəs/

eagerly desirous

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

brokenadjectiveUS /ˈbroʊkən/

physically and forcibly separated into pieces or cracked or split

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

carenounUS /ker/

the work of providing treatment for or attending to someone or something

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

CarolineadjectiveUS /ˈkerəlaɪn/

of or relating to the life and times of kings Charles I or Charles II of England

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

CharlesnounUS /tʃɑːrlz/

King of France from 1560 to 1574 whose reign was dominated by his mother Catherine de Medicis (1550-1574)

From this reading Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?

chiefnounUS /tʃiːf/

a person who is in charge

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

criticaladjectiveUS /ˈkrɪtɪkəl/

marked by a tendency to find and call attention to errors and flaws

From this reading Her position is very critical.

degreesnounUS /dɪˈɡriːz/

plural of “degree” — a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

distressnounUS /dɪˈstres/

psychological suffering

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

doctornounUS /ˈdɑːktər/

a licensed medical practitioner

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

doubtfuladjectiveUS /ˈdaʊtfəl/

open to doubt or suspicion

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

dyingadjectiveUS /ˈdaɪɪŋ/

in or associated with the process of passing from life or ceasing to be

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

extremeadjectiveUS /ekˈstriːm/

of the greatest possible degree or extent or intensity

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

HerdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Her position is very critical.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

ifconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Her position is very critical.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

lengthnounUS /leŋkθ/

the linear extent in space from one end to the other; the longest dimension of something that is fixed in place

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

monthsnounUS /mʌnθs/

plural of “month” — one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

Oughtmodal verbUS /ɔːt/

used with “to” to say what is right or advisable

From this reading Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

plainlyadverbUS /ˈpleɪnli/

unmistakably (“plain” is often used informally for “plainly”)

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

pooradjectiveUS /puːr/

deserving or inciting pity

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading Her position is very critical.

recoververbUS /rɪˈkʌvər/

get or find back; recover the use of

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

removalnounUS /rɪˈmuːvəl/

the act of removing

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

restoreverbUS /rɪˈstɔːr/

return to its original or usable and functioning condition

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

saysnounUS /sez/

plural of “say” — the chance to speak

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

SeptembernounUS /sepˈtembər/

the month following August and preceding October

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

sinkingnounUS /ˈsɪŋkɪŋ/

a descent as through liquid (especially through water)

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

sooneradverbUS /ˈsuːnər/

comparatives of “soon” or “early”

From this reading Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

takenadjectiveUS /ˈteɪkən/

understood in a certain way; made sense of

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The doctor says plainly that she is dying of a broken heart--and that even the removal of the cause may not now restore her.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

ThreenounUS /θriː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

to-day

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Her position is very critical.

vigournoun

forceful exertion

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

weaknessnounUS /ˈwiːknəs/

a flaw or weak point

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

worseadjectiveUS /wɜːrs/

(comparative of “bad”) inferior to another in quality or condition or desirability

From this reading Our chief distress has been caused by the state of poor Caroline, who, after sinking by degrees into such extreme weakness as to make it doubtful if she can ever recover full vigour, has to-day been taken much worse.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading September 19.--Three months of anxious care--till at length I have taken the extreme step of writing to him.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading Ought I to have written to Charles sooner?

Chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales by Thomas Hardy holds 68 sentences, grouped into 14 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales contain?

Chapter 21 holds 68 sentences of A Changed Man, and Other Tales, unabridged, divided into 14 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales by Thomas Hardy exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 68 sentences, grouped into 14 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of A Changed Man, and Other Tales?

Work through the 14 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 14 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Changed Man, and Other Tales

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Yes. All 4871 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #3058 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #3058, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 405 minutes of reading across 975 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Changed Man, and Other Tales

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Changed Man, and Other Tales, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Person
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Changed Man, and Other Tales; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Actors
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Themselves
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Chanced
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