used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/
on the subject of; concerning
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
(followed by “to”) in agreement with or accordant with
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
additionnounUS /əˈdɪʃən/
a component that is added to something to improve it
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
one more of the same kind, or a different one
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
architectnounUS /ˈɑːrkətekt/
someone who creates plans to be used in making something (such as buildings)
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
architecturenounUS /ˈɑːrkətektʃər/
an architectural product or work
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/
the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a human limb; technically the part of the superior limb between the shoulder and the elbow but commonly used to refer to the whole superior limb
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/
an old form of “are”, used with “thou”
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
artificialadjectiveUS /ˌɑːrtəˈfɪʃəl/
contrived by art rather than nature
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
artistsnounUS /ˈɑːrtɪsts/
plural of “artist” — a person whose creative work shows sensitivity and imagination
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
at the same time that; because; in the way that
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
backgroundnounUS /ˈbækɡraʊnd/
a person's social heritage: previous experience or training
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/
the past participle of “be”
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
bitsnounUS /bɪts/
plural of “bit” — a small piece or quantity of something
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
branchedadjectiveUS /bræntʃt/
resembling a fork; divided or separated into two branches
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a structure that has a roof and walls and stands more or less permanently in one place
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
(used of soaps or cleaning agents) having a substance (an abrasive or filler) added to increase effectiveness
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
showing who or what does the action
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
a period of 100 years
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
definite but not specified or identified
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a subdivision of a written work; usually numbered and titled
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
a person who is in charge
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
classicnounUS /ˈklæsɪk/
a creation of the highest excellence
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
Claude
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
compositionnounUS /ˌkɑːmpəˈzɪʃən/
the spatial property resulting from the arrangement of parts in relation to each other and to the whole
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
designedadjectiveUS /dɪˈzaɪnd/
done or made or performed with purpose and intent
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
plural of “direction” — a line leading to a place or point
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
plural of “figure” — a diagram or picture illustrating textual material
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
past form of “follow” — to travel behind, go after, come after
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
formaladjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrməl/
being in accord with established forms and conventions and requirements (as e.g. of formal dress)
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
formulanounUS /ˈfɔːrmjələ/
a group of symbols that make a mathematical statement
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
showing where something starts, or who sent it
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
of behavior that is impressive and ambitious in scale or scope
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/
the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
pleasing in appearance especially by reason of conformity to ideals of form and proportion
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
hewed
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
how
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
inside something, or within a place, period, or state
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/
moving to the inside of something
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
inventedverbUS /ˌɪnˈventəd/
past form of “invent” — come up with (an idea, plan, explanation, theory, or principle) after a mental effort
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
LANDSCAPEnounUS /ˈlændskeɪp/
an expanse of scenery that can be seen in a single view
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
Lorrain
Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
produced by a manufacturing process
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
engage in
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
a hard crystalline metamorphic rock that takes a high polish; used for sculpture and as building material
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
materialsnounUS /məˈtɪriəlz/
plural of “material” — the tangible substance that goes into the makeup of a physical object
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
NATURALISTICadjectiveUS /ˌnætʃərəˈlɪstɪk/
representing what is real; not abstract or ideal
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
the essential qualities or characteristics by which something is recognized
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
not any; not one
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
touching and supported by a surface
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
used to mean any person in general, including the speaker
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
used to join alternatives or possibilities
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
paintingnounUS /ˈpeɪntɪŋ/
graphic art consisting of an artistic composition made by applying paints to a surface
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
plural of “picture” — a visual representation (of an object or scene or person or abstraction) produced on a surface
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
a point located with respect to surface features of some region
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
plural of “place” — a point located with respect to surface features of some region
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
practisedadjectiveUS /ˈpræktɪst/
skillful after much practice
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
just preceding something else in time or order
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
put into a certain place or abstract location
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
a principle or condition that customarily governs behavior
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
cut with a saw
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
act as a barrier between; stand between
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
SeventeenthadjectiveUS /ˈsevənˈtiːnθ/
coming next after the sixteenth in position
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
shapesnounUS /ʃeɪps/
plural of “shape” — any spatial attributes (especially as defined by outline)
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
for that reason; with the result that
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
comparatives of “soon” or “early”
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
support consisting of a radial member of a wheel joining the hub to the rim
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
the subject matter of a conversation or discussion
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
the act of someone who picks up or takes something
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
used to introduce the second part of a comparison
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
belonging to the people or things already mentioned
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
the people or things already mentioned, as the object
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
in contact with each other or in proximity
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
unlikeadjectiveUS /ənˈlaɪk/
marked by dissimilarity
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/
up to a particular time
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level
From this reading We followed one of these and saw how Claude Lorrain invented the formal, or classic landscape; taking bits of nature, some from one place, some from another, and building them up into an artificial composition, which he made more grand by the addition of classic architecture.
employed in accomplishing something
From this reading Landscape had been used as a background to the figures, until in the Seventeenth Century some artists began to make it the chief subject of their pictures.
of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/
the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun
From this reading But no sooner was landscape painting practised as a separate art than it branched into two directions.
how something is done or how it happens
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
the speaker together with one or more other people
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
the hard fibrous lignified substance under the bark of trees
From this reading It was not unlike the way in which a handsome house is built; the materials,--stone, wood, marble, and so on--are brought together from various places, hewed to certain shapes designed by the architect, and then put together according to the rule or formula of building.
YnounUS /waɪ/
a silvery metallic element that is common in rare-earth minerals; used in magnesium and aluminum alloys
From this reading THE NATURALISTIC LANDSCAPE We come now to the other arm of the Y, about which we spoke in a previous chapter.
