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A Child's History of England
A Child's History of England

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of A Child's History of England is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/14 · 5 lines
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ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.
Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.
Both suppositions are likely enough.
It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or hereticsalthough his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.
It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Child's History of England

Chapter XX · Chapter 20

Chapter 20 of A Child's History of England is here in full — 73 sentences across 15 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/14 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.
Line 2
Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.
Line 3
Both suppositions are likely enough.
/boʊθ ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃənz ɑːr ˈlaɪkli ɪˈnʌf/
Line 4
It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or hereticsalthough his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.
Line 5
It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

atrocious adjective US /əˈtroʊʃəs/

shockingly brutal or cruel

From this reading “It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.”

cheat verb US /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading “Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.”

Gaunt adjective US /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading “It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.”

heretics noun US /ˈherətɪks/

plural of “heretic” — a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading “It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.”

preaching noun US /ˈpriːtʃɪŋ/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading “ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.”

pretending noun US /priˈtendɪŋ/

the act of giving a false appearance

From this reading “Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.”

suppositions noun US /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “supposition” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading “Both suppositions are likely enough.”

Wickliffe noun US /ˈwɪklɪf/

English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)

From this reading “ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.”

All words in this reading · 102

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

abroadadverbUS /əˈbrɔːd/

to or in a foreign country

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Both suppositions are likely enough.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

atrociousadjectiveUS /əˈtroʊʃəs/

shockingly brutal or cruel

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

beliefnounUS /bɪˈliːf/

any cognitive content held as true

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

BOLINGBROKEnoun

the first Lancastrian king of England from 1399 to 1413; deposed Richard II and suppressed rebellions (1367-1413)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

BothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Both suppositions are likely enough.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

burningnounUS /ˈbɜːrnɪŋ/

the act of burning something

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

CALLEDverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

certainadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrtən/

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

cheatverbUS /tʃiːt/

deprive somebody of something by deceit

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

cunningadjectiveUS /ˈkʌnɪŋ/

attractive especially by means of smallness or prettiness or quaintness

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

customnounUS /ˈkʌstəm/

accepted or habitual practice

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

detestableadjective

offensive to the mind

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

don't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

DuringprepositionUS /ˈdʊrɪŋ/

all through a period, or at some point within it

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

enoughnounUS /ɪˈnʌf/

an adequate quantity; a quantity that is large enough to achieve a purpose

From this reading Both suppositions are likely enough.

establishedadjectiveUS /ɪˈstæblɪʃt/

brought about or set up or accepted; especially long established

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

favournounUS /ˈfeɪvər/

a feeling of favorable regard

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

followersnounUS /ˈfɑːloʊərz/

a group of followers or enthusiasts

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

FOURTHnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

GauntadjectiveUS /ɡɔːnt/

very thin especially from disease or hunger or cold

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

HeavennounUS /ˈhevən/

any place of complete bliss and delight and peace

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

HENRYnounUS /ˈhenri/

a unit of inductance in which an induced electromotive force of one volt is produced when the current is varied at the rate of one ampere per second

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

hereticsnounUS /ˈherətɪks/

plural of “heretic” — a person who holds religious beliefs in conflict with the dogma of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

hopedverbUS /hoʊpt/

past form of “hope” — expect and wish

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

JohnnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

knowverbUS /noʊ/

be cognizant or aware of a fact or a specific piece of information; possess knowledge or information about

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

likelyadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪkli/

has a good chance of being the case or of coming about

From this reading Both suppositions are likely enough.

Lollards

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

makingnounUS /ˈmeɪkɪŋ/

the act that results in something coming to be

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

newadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

noisenounUS /nɔɪz/

sound of any kind (especially unintelligible or dissonant sound)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

opinionsnounUS /əˈpɪnjənz/

plural of “opinion” — a personal belief or judgment that is not founded on proof or certainty

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

PopenounUS /poʊp/

the head of the Roman Catholic Church

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

preachingnounUS /ˈpriːtʃɪŋ/

an address of a religious nature (usually delivered during a church service)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

pretendingnounUS /priˈtendɪŋ/

the act of giving a false appearance

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

priestsnounUS /priːsts/

plural of “priest” — a clergyman in Christian churches who has the authority to perform or administer various religious rites; one of the Holy Orders

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

punishmentnounUS /ˈpʌnɪʃmənt/

the act of punishing

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

religiousadjectiveUS /rɪˈlɪdʒəs/

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

strongadjectiveUS /strɔːŋ/

having strength or power greater than average or expected

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

suppositionsnounUS /ˌsʌpəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “supposition” — a message expressing an opinion based on incomplete evidence

From this reading Both suppositions are likely enough.

suspectedadjectiveUS /səˈspektɪd/

believed likely

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading It is no less certain that he first established in England the detestable and atrocious custom, brought from abroad, of burning those people as a punishment for their opinions.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

UNDERprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

usurpernoun

one who wrongfully or illegally seizes and holds the place of another

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

WhetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading It is certain that he began his reign by making a strong show against the followers of Wickliffe, who were called Lollards, or heretics—although his father, John of Gaunt, had been of that way of thinking, as he himself had been more than suspected of being.

WickliffenounUS /ˈwɪklɪf/

English theologian whose objections to Roman Catholic doctrine anticipated the Protestant Reformation (1328-1384)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER HENRY THE FOURTH, CALLED BOLINGBROKE During the last reign, the preaching of Wickliffe against the pride and cunning of the Pope and all his men, had made a great noise in England.

wishedverbUS /wɪʃt/

past form of “wish” — hope for; have a wish

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Whether the new King wished to be in favour with the priests, or whether he hoped, by pretending to be very religious, to cheat Heaven itself into the belief that he was not a usurper, I don’t know.

Chapter 20 of A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens holds 73 sentences, grouped into 15 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 20 of A Child's History of England contain?

Chapter 20 holds 73 sentences of A Child's History of England, unabridged, divided into 15 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 20 of A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 73 sentences, grouped into 15 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 20 of A Child's History of England?

Work through the 15 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 15 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 20 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 20 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Child's History of England

Common questions about reading A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Child's History of England?

Yes. All 5406 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #699 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Child's History of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #699, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Child's History of England take to read?

About 450 minutes of reading across 1082 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Child's History of England section by section

How to work through A Child's History of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Child's History of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Child's History of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Left-hand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Upper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.