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A Child's History of England
A Child's History of England

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of A Child's History of England is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/21 · 5 lines
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ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.
The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.
But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand menall Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.
The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.
Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Child's History of England

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of A Child's History of England is here in full — 109 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.
Line 2
The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.
/ðə ˈlænkæstər ˈpɑːrti ðə red ˈroʊzɪz wɜːr ðen əˈsembəlɪŋ ɪn ɡreɪt ˈnʌmbərz nɪr jɔːrk ənd ɪt wɑːz ˈnesəseri tuː ɡɪv ðem ˈbætəl ˈɪnstəntli/
Line 3
But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand menall Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.
Line 4
The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.
Line 5
Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

amounted verb US /əˈmaʊntɪd/

past form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading “But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.”

assembling noun US /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading “The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.”

crowding noun US /ˈkraʊdɪŋ/

a situation in which people or things are crowded together

From this reading “But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.”

Englishmen noun US /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading “But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.”

Lancaster noun US /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading “The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.”

raged verb US /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading “But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.”

twenty-one noun US /ˈtwentiwɔːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one

From this reading “ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.”

Warwick noun US /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading “But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.”

All words in this reading · 110

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

agenounUS /eɪdʒ/

how long something has existed

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

amountedverbUS /əˈmaʊntɪd/

past form of “amount” — be tantamount or equivalent to

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

anotherdeterminerUS /əˈnʌðər/

one more of the same kind, or a different one

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

assemblingnounUS /əˈsembəlɪŋ/

the act of gathering something together

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

battlenounUS /ˈbætəl/

a hostile meeting of opposing military forces in the course of a war

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

brothernounUS /ˈbrʌðər/

a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

ButconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

closelyadverbUS /ˈkloʊsli/

in a close relation or position in time or space

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

crowdingnounUS /ˈkraʊdɪŋ/

a situation in which people or things are crowded together

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

crownedadjectiveUS /kraʊnd/

having an (artificial) crown on a tooth

From this reading Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

EarlnounUS /ɜːrl/

a British peer ranking below a marquess and above a viscount

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

EDWARDnounUS /ˈedwərd/

King of England and Ireland in 1936; his marriage to Wallis Warfield Simpson created a constitutional crisis leading to his abdication (1894-1972)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

engagedadjectiveUS /enˈɡeɪdʒd/

having ones attention or mind or energy engaged

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

ENGLANDnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlənd/

a division of the United Kingdom

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

EnglishnounUS /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/

an Indo-European language belonging to the West Germanic branch; the official language of Britain and the United States and most of the commonwealth countries

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

EnglishmennounUS /ˌeŋˈlɪʃmən/

plural of “englishman” — a man who is a native or inhabitant of England

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

fallingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːlɪŋ/

decreasing in amount or degree

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

famousadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪməs/

widely known and esteemed

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

fightingnounUS /ˈfaɪtɪŋ/

the act of fighting; any contest or struggle

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

fortyadjectiveUS /ˈfɔːrti/

being ten more than thirty

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

FOURTHnounUS /fɔːrθ/

following the third position; number four in a countable series

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

groundnounUS /ɡraʊnd/

the solid part of the earth's surface

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

headsnounUS /hedz/

plural of “head” — the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

instantlyadverbUS /ˈɪnstəntli/

without delay or hesitation; with no time intervening

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

KingnounUS /kɪŋ/

a male sovereign; ruler of a kingdom

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

LancasternounUS /ˈlænkæstər/

a city in northwestern England

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

leadingadjectiveUS /ˈliːdɪŋ/

indicating the most important performer or role

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

LondonnounUS /ˈlʌndən/

the capital and largest city of England; located on the Thames in southeastern England; financial and industrial and cultural center

From this reading Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

MarchverbUS /mɑːrtʃ/

march in a procession

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

nearadverbUS /nɪr/

near in time or place or relationship

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

necessaryadjectiveUS /ˈnesəseri/

absolutely essential

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

noblemen

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

numbersnounUS /ˈnʌmbərz/

the fourth book of the Old Testament; contains a record of the number of Israelites who followed Moses out of Egypt

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

partynounUS /ˈpɑːrti/

an organization to gain political power

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

quiteadverbUS /kwaɪt/

to a degree (not used with a negative)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

ragedverbUS /reɪdʒd/

past form of “rage” — behave violently, as if in state of a great anger

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

RednounUS /red/

red color or pigment; the chromatic color resembling the hue of blood

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

RosesnounUS /ˈroʊzɪz/

plural of “rose” — any of many shrubs of the genus Rosa that bear roses

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

roundnounUS /raʊnd/

a charge of ammunition for a single shot

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

RoyaladjectiveUS /ˈrɔɪəl/

of or relating to or indicative of or issued or performed by a king or queen or other monarch

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

seatnounUS /siːt/

a space reserved for sitting (as in a theater or on a train or airplane)

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

snownounUS /snoʊ/

precipitation falling from clouds in the form of ice crystals

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

splendournoun

a quality that outshines the usual

From this reading Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

stoutadjectiveUS /staʊt/

dependable

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

thronenounUS /θroʊn/

the chair of state for a monarch, bishop, etc.

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

totalverbUS /ˈtoʊtəl/

add up in number or quantity

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

Towton

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

twenty-onenounUS /ˈtwentiwɔːn/

the cardinal number that is the sum of twenty and one

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

UNDERprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

unquietadjective

characterized by unrest or disorder

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

wallsnounUS /wɔːlz/

plural of “wall” — an architectural partition with a height and length greater than its thickness; used to divide or enclose an area or to support another structure

From this reading The young King gained the day, took down the heads of his father and brother from the walls of York, and put up the heads of some of the most famous noblemen engaged in the battle on the other side.

WarwicknounUS /ˈwɔːrwɪk/

English statesman; during the War of the Roses he fought first for the house of York and secured the throne for Edward IV and then changed sides to fight for the house of Lancaster and secured the throne for Henry VI (1428-1471)

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

wentverbUS /went/

inflected form of “go” — change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

WhitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

wildadjectiveUS /waɪld/

marked by extreme lack of restraint or control

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Then, he went to London and was crowned with great splendour.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading ENGLAND UNDER EDWARD THE FOURTH King Edward the Fourth was not quite twenty-one years of age when he took that unquiet seat upon the throne of England.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading The Lancaster party, the Red Roses, were then assembling in great numbers near York, and it was necessary to give them battle instantly.

youngadjectiveUS /jʌŋ/

(used of living things especially persons) in an early period of life or development or growth

From this reading But, the stout Earl of Warwick leading for the young King, and the young King himself closely following him, and the English people crowding round the Royal standard, the White and the Red Roses met, on a wild March day when the snow was falling heavily, at Towton; and there such a furious battle raged between them, that the total loss amounted to forty thousand men—all Englishmen, fighting, upon English ground, against one another.

Chapter 23 of A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens holds 109 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the public-domain source, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of A Child's History of England contain?

Chapter 23 holds 109 sentences of A Child's History of England, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens exactly as it stands in the public-domain source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 109 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of A Child's History of England?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Child's History of England

Common questions about reading A Child's History of England by Charles Dickens on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Child's History of England?

Yes. All 5406 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #699 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Child's History of England is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #699, a public-domain edition. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Child's History of England take to read?

About 450 minutes of reading across 1082 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Child's History of England section by section

How to work through A Child's History of England section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 37 chapters of A Child's History of England to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Child's History of England

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Child's History of England, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

World
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Left-hand
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Upper
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Corner
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Child's History of England; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.