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A Christian But a Roman
A Christian But a Roman

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Christian But a Roman
Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.
They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.
Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.
"Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.
"Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Christian But a Roman

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman is here in full — 164 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.
Line 2
They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.
Line 3
Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.
Line 4
"Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.
Line 5
"Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

crutches noun US /ˈkrʌtʃɪz/

plural of “crutch” — a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking

From this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

dandy noun US /ˈdændi/

a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance

From this reading “"Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.”

defense noun US /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading “They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.”

Forum noun US /ˈfɔːrəm/

a public meeting or assembly for open discussion

From this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

patrician noun US /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

pausing verb US /ˈpɔːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

perfumed adjective US /pərˈfjuːmd/

filled or impregnated with perfume

From this reading “"Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.”

undisguised adjective US /ˌʌndɪsˈɡaɪzd/

plain to see

From this reading “They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

vainly sought adverb + adjective

In this reading “Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.”

betrothed husband adjective + noun

In this reading “Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.”

long time adjective + noun

a prolonged period of time

In this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

Since the death preposition + article + noun counted as “since … death”

In this reading “"Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."”

appeared in verb + particle counted as “appear in”

In this reading “Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.”

All words in this reading · 71

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

againadverbUS /əˈɡen/

anew

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

Ah

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

appearedverbUS /əˈpɪrd/

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

betrothedadjective

pledged to be married

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

crutchesnounUS /ˈkrʌtʃɪz/

plural of “crutch” — a wooden or metal staff that fits under the armpit and reaches to the ground; used by disabled person while walking

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

dandynounUS /ˈdændi/

a man who is much concerned with his dress and appearance

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

defensenounUS /dɪˈfens/

(military) military action or resources protecting a country against potential enemies

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

evenadjectiveUS /ˈiːvɪn/

divisible by two

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

ForumnounUS /ˈfɔːrəm/

a public meeting or assembly for open discussion

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

husbandnounUS /ˈhʌzbənd/

a married man; a woman's partner in marriage

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

ivorynounUS /ˈaɪvəri/

a hard smooth ivory colored dentine that makes up most of the tusks of elephants and walruses

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

leaningadjectiveUS /ˈliːnɪŋ/

departing or being caused to depart from the true vertical or horizontal

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

maidennounUS /ˈmeɪdən/

an unmarried girl (especially a virgin)

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

MeanwhileadverbUS /ˈmiːnwaɪl/

at the same time but in another place

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

Mesembrius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

openverbUS /ˈoʊ.pən/

To move from a closed position.

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

patriciannounUS /pəˈtrɪʃən/

a person of refined upbringing and manners

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

pausingverbUS /ˈpɔːzɪŋ/

-ing form of “pause” — interrupt temporarily an activity before continuing

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

perfumedadjectiveUS /pərˈfjuːmd/

filled or impregnated with perfume

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

Probus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

protectionnounUS /prəˈtekʃən/

the activity of protecting someone or something

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

rarelyadverbUS /ˈrerli/

not often

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

RomenounUS /roʊm/

capital and largest city of Italy; on the Tiber; seat of the Roman Catholic Church; formerly the capital of the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

searchverbUS /sɜːrtʃ/

try to locate or discover, or try to establish the existence of

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

secretnounUS /ˈsiː.krət/

Something that is kept or meant to be kept unknown or unseen by others.

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

SenatornounUS /ˈsenətər/

a member of a senate

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

SinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

Sophronia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

stepnounUS /step/

any maneuver made as part of progress toward a goal

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

surprisedadjectiveUS /sərˈpraɪzd/

taken unawares or suddenly and feeling wonder or astonishment

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

undisguisedadjectiveUS /ˌʌndɪsˈɡaɪzd/

plain to see

From this reading They could search only in secret: open protection, undisguised defense could not be given to Sophronia.

vainlyadverbUS /ˈveɪnli/

to no avail

From this reading Meanwhile the father and the betrothed husband vainly sought the maiden.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading "Since the death of Probus we have not seen you even once."

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Old Mesembrius had not been seen in Rome for a long time, and therefore every one was surprised when the distinguished patrician again appeared in the Forum, leaning on his ivory crutches and pausing at every step.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading "Ah, worthy Senator, you rarely show yourself in Rome," said a perfumed patrician dandy.

Chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman by Mór Jókai holds 164 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman contain?

Chapter 8 holds 164 sentences of A Christian But a Roman, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman by Mór Jókai exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 164 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of A Christian But a Roman?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Christian But a Roman

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Is this the complete text of A Christian But a Roman?

Yes. All 1419 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #31942 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

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Project Gutenberg eBook #31942, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

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About 118 minutes of reading across 284 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Christian But a Roman

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Christian But a Roman, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Table
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Contents
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Original
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Paper
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