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A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays
A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays
Context Illustration Reading 1/83 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.
His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.
Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.
Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.
Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays is here in full — 419 sentences across 84 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/83 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.
Line 2
His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.
Line 3
Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.
Line 4
Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.
Line 5
Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

boy's noun US /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading “Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.”

brother's noun US /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading “Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.”

complicity noun US /kəmˈplɪsəti/

guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense

From this reading “His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.”

constantly adverb US /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading “Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.”

harsh adjective US /hɑːrʃ/

unpleasantly stern

From this reading “Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.”

kinder adjective US /ˈkaɪndər/

comparative of “kind” — having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading “Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.”

Nils noun US /nɪlz/

plural of “nil” — a quantity of no importance

From this reading “Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.”

wounding noun US /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading “Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.”

All words in this reading · 52

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

awayadverbUS /əˈweɪ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

boy'snounUS /bɔɪz/

possessive form of “boy” — a youthful male person

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

brother'snounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

possessive form of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

Clara

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

complicitynounUS /kəmˈplɪsəti/

guilt as an accomplice in a crime or offense

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

constantlyadverbUS /ˈkɑːnstəntli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

daughternounUS /ˈdɔːtər/

a female human offspring

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

Eric

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

Ericson

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

EveradverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

fathernounUS /ˈfɑːðər/

a male parent (also used as a term of address to your father)

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

fault-finding

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

happinessnounUS /ˈhæpinəs/

state of well-being characterized by emotions ranging from contentment to intense joy

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

harshadjectiveUS /hɑːrʃ/

unpleasantly stern

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

heardadjectiveUS /hɜːrd/

detected or perceived by the sense of hearing

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

homenounUS /hoʊm/

where you live at a particular time

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

Joe

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

kinderadjectiveUS /ˈkaɪndər/

comparative of “kind” — having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading Clara had always been fond of her father, and happiness made her kinder.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

NilsnounUS /nɪlz/

plural of “nil” — a quantity of no importance

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

Olaf

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

pridenounUS /praɪd/

a feeling of self-respect and personal worth

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

runverbUS /rʌn/

move fast by using one's feet, with one foot off the ground at any given time

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

suspectedadjectiveUS /səˈspektɪd/

believed likely

From this reading His mother and Olaf both suspected him of complicity.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

Vavrika

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Joe Vavrika heard often from his daughter.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

wifenounUS /waɪf/

a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Ever since Nils had run away with his brother's wife, life at home had been hard for little Eric.

woundingnounUS /ˈwuːndɪŋ/

the act of inflicting a wound

From this reading Mrs. Ericson was harsh and fault-finding, constantly wounding the boy's pride; and Olaf was always getting her against him.

Chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays by Willa Cather holds 419 sentences, grouped into 84 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays contain?

Chapter 8 holds 419 sentences of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays, unabridged, divided into 84 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays by Willa Cather exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 419 sentences, grouped into 84 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays?

Work through the 84 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 84 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays

Common questions about reading A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays by Willa Cather on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays?

Yes. All 5901 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25586 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25586, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays take to read?

About 491 minutes of reading across 1181 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays section by section

How to work through A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 14 chapters of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Antone
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Times
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Shalt
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Until
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Collection of Stories, Reviews and Essays; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.