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A Commentary
A Commentary

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Commentary is here in full — 456 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/91 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.
Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.
All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.
They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.
They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Commentary

Chapter III

Chapter 3 of A Commentary is here in full — 456 sentences across 92 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/91 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.
/ˈæftər hɪz waɪfs deθ wɪtʃ keɪm əˈbaʊt wen hiː wɑːz ˈsevənti hiː kənˈtɪnjuːd tuː rɪˈzaɪd əˈloʊn ɪn ðə haʊs ðæt hiː hæd lɪvd ɪn sɪns hɪz ˈmerɪdʒ ðoʊ ɪt wɑːz naʊ tuː lɑːrdʒ fɔːr hɪm/
Line 2
Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.
/ˈevəri ˈɔːtəm hiː riˈzɑːlvd tuː meɪk ə tʃeɪndʒ nekst sprɪŋ bʌt wen sprɪŋ keɪm hiː kʊd nɑːt brɪŋ hɪmˈself tuː ter hɪz oʊld ruːts ʌp ənd pʊt ɪt ɔːf tɪl ðə sprɪŋ ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ wɪð ðə hoʊp pərˈhæps ðæt hiː maɪt ðen fiːl mɔːr ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/
Line 3
All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.
/ɔːl θruː ðə jɪrz ðæt hiː wɑːz ˈlɪvɪŋ ðer əˈloʊn hiː ˈsʌfərd mɔːr ənd mɔːr frʌm ðoʊz ˈnaɪtli ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃənz ʌv ˈmɑːnəteri daʊts/
Line 4
They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.
/ðeɪ siːmd ˌɪnˈdiːd tuː ɡroʊ mɔːr kənˈkriːt ənd ˌɪnˈsɪstənt wɪð ˈevəri ˈθaʊzənd paʊndz hiː pʊt bɪˈtwiːn hɪmˈself ənd ðer ˌriːˈælətiː/
Line 5
They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

concrete adjective US /kənˈkriːt/

capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary

From this reading “They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.”

insistent adjective US /ˌɪnˈsɪstənt/

repetitive and persistent

From this reading “They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.”

investment noun US /ˌɪnˈvestmənt/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading “They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.”

monetary adjective US /ˈmɑːnəteri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading “All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.”

nightly adjective US /ˈnaɪtli/

happening every night

From this reading “All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.”

reside verb US /rɪˈzaɪd/

make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading “After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.”

seventy adjective US /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading “After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.”

visitations noun US /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “visitation” — an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading “All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

stayed longer verb + particle counted as “stay longer”

In this reading “They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.”

grow more verb + adjective

In this reading “They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.”

became more verb + adjective counted as “become more”

In this reading “They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.”

too large adverb + adjective

excessively large

In this reading “After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.”

lived in verb + particle counted as “live in”

live in the house where one works

In this reading “After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.”

at a time preposition + article + noun counted as “at … time”

simultaneously

In this reading “They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.”

feel more verb + adjective

In this reading “Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.”

in the house preposition + article + noun counted as “in … house”

In this reading “After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.”

All words in this reading · 94

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

AfterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

AlladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

aloneadjectiveUS /əˈloʊn/

Having no one else present.

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

autumnnounUS /ˈɔːtəm/

the season when the leaves fall from the trees

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

bringverbUS /brɪŋ/

take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

concreteadjectiveUS /kənˈkriːt/

capable of being perceived by the senses; not abstract or imaginary

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

doubtsnounUS /daʊts/

plural of “doubt” — the state of being unsure of something

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

EverydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

feelverbUS /fiːl/

undergo an emotional sensation or be in a particular state of mind

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

freshadjectiveUS /freʃ/

recently made, produced, or harvested

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

himselfpronounUS /hɪmˈself/

used when the man or boy doing the action is also its object

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

inclinedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈklaɪnd/

(often followed by “to”) having a preference, disposition, or tendency

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

indeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

insistentadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈsɪstənt/

repetitive and persistent

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

investmentnounUS /ˌɪnˈvestmənt/

the act of investing; laying out money or capital in an enterprise with the expectation of profit

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

largeadjectiveUS /lɑːrdʒ/

above average in size or number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

livedverbUS /lɪvd/

past form of “live” — be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

monetaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːnəteri/

relating to or involving money

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

nightlyadjectiveUS /ˈnaɪtli/

happening every night

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

offadverbUS /ɔːf/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

owl-like

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

perhapsadverbUS /pərˈhæps/

by chance

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

poundsnounUS /paʊndz/

plural of “pound” — 16 ounces avoirdupois

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

putverbUS /pʊt/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

realitynounUS /ˌriːˈælətiː/

all of your experiences that determine how things appear to you

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

resideverbUS /rɪˈzaɪd/

make one's home in a particular place or community

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

resolvedadjectiveUS /riˈzɑːlvd/

determined

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

rootsnounUS /ruːts/

the condition of belonging to a particular place or group by virtue of social or ethnic or cultural lineage

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

seventyadjectiveUS /ˈsevənti/

being ten more than sixty

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

springnounUS /sprɪŋ/

the season of growth

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

stayedverbUS /steɪd/

past form of “stay” — stay the same; remain in a certain state

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

sufferedverbUS /ˈsʌfərd/

past form of “suffer” — undergo or be subjected to

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

TheypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

thousandnounUS /ˈθaʊzənd/

the cardinal number that is the product of 10 and 100

From this reading They seemed, indeed, to grow more concrete and insistent with every thousand pounds he put between himself and their reality.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

tillprepositionUS /tɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading They became more owl-like, more numerous, with each fresh investment; they stayed longer at a time.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

visitationsnounUS /ˌvɪzɪˈteɪʃənz/

plural of “visitation” — an annoying or frustrating or catastrophic event

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

wife'snounUS /waɪfs/

possessive form of “wife” — a married woman; a man's partner in marriage

From this reading After his wife’s death, which came about when he was seventy, he continued to reside alone in the house that he had lived in since his marriage, though it was now too large for him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Every autumn he resolved to make a change next spring; but when spring came, he could not bring himself to tear his old roots up, and put it off till the spring following, with the hope, perhaps, that he might then feel more inclined.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading All through the years that he was living there alone, he suffered more and more from those nightly visitations, of monetary doubts.

Chapter 3 of A Commentary by John Galsworthy holds 456 sentences, grouped into 92 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Commentary contain?

Chapter 3 holds 456 sentences of A Commentary, unabridged, divided into 92 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Commentary by John Galsworthy exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 456 sentences, grouped into 92 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Commentary?

Work through the 92 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 92 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Commentary

Common questions about reading A Commentary by John Galsworthy on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Commentary?

Yes. All 1749 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #68242 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Commentary is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #68242, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Commentary take to read?

About 145 minutes of reading across 350 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Commentary section by section

How to work through A Commentary section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Commentary

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Commentary, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Above
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Commentary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Plays
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Commentary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Issued
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Commentary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Separately
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Commentary; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.