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A crown of straw
A crown of straw

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A crown of straw is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A crown of straw
Context Illustration Reading 1/44 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.
University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.
THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.
This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.
In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A crown of straw

Chapter I

Chapter 1 of A crown of straw is here in full — 224 sentences across 45 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/44 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.
Line 2
University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.
/ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti pres dʒɑːn ˈwɪlsən ənd sʌn ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ juː es ə/
Line 3
THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.
Line 4
This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.
/ðɪs kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən mʌst sɜːrv æz maɪ ɪksˈkjuːs fɔːr ˈseɪɪŋ ə fjuː wɜːrdz əˈbaʊt ðə aɪˈdiːəz wɪtʃ hæv ˈɡaɪdəd miː ɪn ˈraɪtɪŋ ðə ˈprezənt wɜːrk ˌɔːlˈðoʊ aɪ ʃæl ˌɪnˈkɜːr ðə ˈdeɪndʒər ʌv ə kəmˈperəsən bɪˈtwiːn ðə muːn æt wɪtʃ aɪ hæv eɪmd ənd ðə ˈhʌmbəl triː wɪtʃ aɪ hæv hɪt/
Line 5
In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

affix verb US /ˈæfɪks/

attach to

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

diverse adjective US /daɪˈvɜːrs/

many and different

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

embody verb US /ɪmˈbɑːdi/

represent in bodily form

From this reading “In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.”

incur verb US /ˌɪnˈkɜːr/

make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading “This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.”

label verb US /ˈleɪbəl/

assign a label to; designate with a label

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

novelist noun US /ˈnɑːvələst/

one who writes novels

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

slum noun US /slʌm/

a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

tract noun US /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading “THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

few words adjective + noun

In this reading “This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.”

excuse for verb + particle

In this reading “This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.”

in writing preposition + noun

written or drawn or engraved

In this reading “This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.”

All words in this reading · 108

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

affixverbUS /ˈæfɪks/

attach to

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

AGAINSTprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

aimedverbUS /eɪmd/

past form of “aim” — point or cause to go (blows, weapons, or objects such as photographic equipment) towards

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

althoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

ANDconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

AUTHORnounUS /ˈɔːθər/

writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

BALKISTAN

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

beforehandadjectiveUS /bɪˈfɔːrhænd/

being ahead of time or need

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

booknounUS /bʊk/

a written work or composition that has been published (printed on pages bound together)

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

CAMBRIDGEnounUS /ˈkeɪmbrɪdʒ/

a university in England

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

characternounUS /ˈkerɪktər/

an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

clearverbUS /klɪr/

rid of obstructions

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

comparisonnounUS /kəmˈperəsən/

the act of examining resemblances

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

considerationnounUS /kənˌsɪdərˈeɪʃən/

the process of giving careful thought to something

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

contemporaryadjectiveUS /kənˈtempəreri/

characteristic of the present

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

coververbUS /ˈkʌvər/

provide with a covering or cause to be covered

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

dangernounUS /ˈdeɪndʒər/

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

demandnounUS /dɪˈmænd/

an urgent or peremptory request

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

dialoguenounUS /ˈdaɪəlɔːɡ/

a conversation between two persons

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

distinctadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋkt/

(often followed by “from”) not alike; different in nature or quality

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

diverseadjectiveUS /daɪˈvɜːrs/

many and different

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

embodyverbUS /ɪmˈbɑːdi/

represent in bodily form

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

entitledadjectiveUS /enˈtaɪtəld/

qualified for by right according to law

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

ETC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

excuseverbUS /ɪksˈkjuːs/

accept an excuse for

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

fewadjectiveUS /fjuː/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “a”; a small but indefinite number

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

guidedadjectiveUS /ˈɡaɪdəd/

subject to guidance or control especially after launching

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

hitverbUS /hɪt/

cause to move by striking

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

humbleadjectiveUS /ˈhʌmbəl/

low or inferior in station or quality

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

ideasnounUS /aɪˈdiːəz/

plural of “idea” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

incurverbUS /ˌɪnˈkɜːr/

make oneself subject to; bring upon oneself; become liable to

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

JOHNnounUS /dʒɑːn/

a room or building equipped with one or more toilets

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

labelverbUS /ˈleɪbəl/

assign a label to; designate with a label

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

mereadjectiveUS /mɪr/

being nothing more than specified

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

moonnounUS /muːn/

the natural satellite of the Earth

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

moralsnounUS /ˈmɔːrəlz/

motivation based on ideas of right and wrong

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

novelnounUS /ˈnɑːvəl/

an extended fictional work in prose; usually in the form of a story

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

novelistnounUS /ˈnɑːvələst/

one who writes novels

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

now-a-days

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

OFprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

OWENnounUS /ˈoʊən/

Welsh industrialist and social reformer who founded cooperative communities (1771-1858)

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

PressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

PRINCEnounUS /prɪns/

a male member of a royal family other than the sovereign (especially the son of a sovereign)

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

puttingnounUS /ˈpʌtɪŋ/

hitting a golf ball that is on the green using a putter

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

QUEENnounUS /kwiːn/

the only fertile female in a colony of social insects such as bees and ants and termites; its function is to lay eggs

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

readernounUS /ˈriːdər/

a person who enjoys reading

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

religionnounUS /rɪˈlɪdʒən/

a strong belief in a supernatural power or powers that control human destiny

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

romancenounUS /roʊˈmæns/

a relationship between two lovers

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

SnounUS /es/

1/60 of a minute; the basic unit of time adopted under the Systeme International d'Unites

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

satirenounUS /ˈsætaɪər/

witty language used to convey insults or scorn

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

sayingnounUS /ˈseɪɪŋ/

a word or phrase that particular people use in particular situations

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

serveverbUS /sɜːrv/

serve a purpose, role, or function

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

shallmodal verbUS /ʃæl/

used with I and we for the future, or to offer and suggest

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

slumnounUS /slʌm/

a district of a city marked by poverty and inferior living conditions

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

SONnounUS /sʌn/

a male human offspring

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

soughtadjectiveUS /sɔːt/

that is looked for

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

studynounUS /ˈstʌdi/

a detailed critical inspection

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

termnounUS /tɜːrm/

a word or expression used for some particular thing

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading AUTHOR OF “THE QUEEN AGAINST OWEN,” “THE PRINCE OF BALKISTAN,” ETC.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

ThisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

tractnounUS /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

treenounUS /triː/

a tall perennial woody plant having a main trunk and branches forming a distinct elevated crown; includes both gymnosperms and angiosperms

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

UnounUS /juː/

a base containing nitrogen that is found in RNA (but not in DNA) and derived from pyrimidine; pairs with adenine

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

UniversitynounUS /ˌjuːnəˈvɜːrsəti/

the body of faculty and students at a university

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

whetherconjunctionUS /ˈweðər/

used to introduce two or more possibilities

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

WILSONnounUS /ˈwɪlsən/

author of the first novel by an African American that was published in the United States (1808-1870)

From this reading University Press: JOHN WILSON AND SON, CAMBRIDGE, U. S. A.

wordsnounUS /wɜːrdz/

the words that are spoken

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading THE term novel has been made to cover books of such diverse character, now-a-days, that the reader is almost entitled to demand of a novelist that he shall affix some distinct label to the book he is putting forth, and make it clear beforehand whether his work is a dialogue on religion, a satire on morals, a political tract, a study in slum life, or a mere romance.

writingnounUS /ˈraɪtɪŋ/

the act of creating written works

From this reading This consideration must serve as my excuse for saying a few words about the ideas which have guided me in writing the present work; although I shall incur the danger of a comparison between the moon at which I have aimed, and the humble tree which I have hit.

writtenadjectiveUS /ˈrɪtən/

set down in writing in any of various ways

From this reading In this story, then, as in some others which I have written, or am writing, I have sought to embody the romance of contemporary history.

Chapter 1 of A crown of straw by Allen Upward holds 224 sentences, grouped into 45 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A crown of straw contain?

Chapter 1 holds 224 sentences of A crown of straw, unabridged, divided into 45 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A crown of straw by Allen Upward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 224 sentences, grouped into 45 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A crown of straw?

Work through the 45 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 45 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A crown of straw

Common questions about reading A crown of straw by Allen Upward on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A crown of straw?

Yes. All 4883 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73325 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A crown of straw is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73325, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A crown of straw take to read?

About 406 minutes of reading across 977 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A crown of straw section by section

How to work through A crown of straw section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of A crown of straw to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A crown of straw

Words and structures a reader meets early in A crown of straw, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.