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A crown of straw
A crown of straw

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A crown of straw is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/42 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.
It was said that she was proud.
It was believed that she was ambitious.
It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.
In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A crown of straw

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A crown of straw is here in full — 213 sentences across 43 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/42 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.
Line 2
It was said that she was proud.
/ɪt wɑːz sed ðæt ʃiː wɑːz praʊd/
Line 3
It was believed that she was ambitious.
/ɪt wɑːz bɪˈliːvd ðæt ʃiː wɑːz æmˈbɪʃəs/
Line 4
It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.
/ɪt wɑːz ədˈmɪtɪd ðæt ʃiː hæd wʌns bɪn ˈbjuːtəfəl/
Line 5
In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ambitious adjective US /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading “It was believed that she was ambitious.”

belle noun US /bel/

a young woman who is the most charming and beautiful of several rivals

From this reading “In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.”

characters noun US /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading “THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.”

disclosure noun US /dɪˈskloʊʒər/

the speech act of making something evident

From this reading “THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.”

Duchy noun US /ˈdʌtʃi/

the domain controlled by a duke or duchess

From this reading “In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.”

flattered verb US /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading “In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.”

heiress noun US /ˈerəs/

a female heir

From this reading “In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.”

title noun US /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading “In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.”

All words in this reading · 44

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

admittedverbUS /ədˈmɪtɪd/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.

ambitiousadjectiveUS /æmˈbɪʃəs/

having a strong desire for success or achievement

From this reading It was believed that she was ambitious.

beautifuladjectiveUS /ˈbjuːtəfəl/

delighting the senses or exciting intellectual or emotional admiration

From this reading It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

believedverbUS /bɪˈliːvd/

past form of “believe” — accept as true; take to be true

From this reading It was believed that she was ambitious.

bellenounUS /bel/

a young woman who is the most charming and beautiful of several rivals

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

charactersnounUS /ˈkærəktərz/

plural of “character” — an imaginary person represented in a work of fiction (play or film or story)

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

DISCLOSUREnounUS /dɪˈskloʊʒər/

the speech act of making something evident

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

DuchynounUS /ˈdʌtʃi/

the domain controlled by a duke or duchess

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

EuropenounUS /ˈjʊrəp/

the 2nd smallest continent (actually a vast peninsula of Eurasia); the British use “Europe” to refer to all of the continent except the British Isles

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

flatteredverbUS /ˈflætərd/

past form of “flatter” — praise somewhat dishonestly

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.

heiressnounUS /ˈerəs/

a female heir

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

Hermengarde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

HERMENGARDE'S

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was said that she was proud.

knownadjectiveUS /noʊn/

apprehended with certainty

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

marriagenounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

muchadverbUS /mʌtʃ/

to a great degree or extent

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading It was admitted that she had once been beautiful.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

PRINCESSnounUS /ˈprɪn.ses/

The daughter of a monarch; a female member of a royal family.

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading It was said that she was proud.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

Schwerin-Strelitz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading It was said that she was proud.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading It was said that she was proud.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

thosedeterminerUS /ðoʊz/

the plural of “that”: the people or things further away, or already known

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

titlenounUS /ˈtaɪtəl/

a heading that names a statute or legislative bill; may give a brief summary of the matters it deals with

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading THE PRINCESS HERMENGARDE’S DISCLOSURE THE Princess Hermengarde was one of those characters of whom much is said but little is known.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In the days before her marriage, when she was still the heiress to the Duchy of Schwerin-Strelitz, she had been flattered with the title of the belle of Europe.

Chapter 4 of A crown of straw by Allen Upward holds 213 sentences, grouped into 43 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A crown of straw contain?

Chapter 4 holds 213 sentences of A crown of straw, unabridged, divided into 43 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A crown of straw by Allen Upward exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 213 sentences, grouped into 43 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A crown of straw?

Work through the 43 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 43 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A crown of straw

Common questions about reading A crown of straw by Allen Upward on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A crown of straw?

Yes. All 4883 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #73325 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A crown of straw is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #73325, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A crown of straw take to read?

About 406 minutes of reading across 977 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A crown of straw section by section

How to work through A crown of straw section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of A crown of straw to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A crown of straw

Words and structures a reader meets early in A crown of straw, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Author
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Queen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Against
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Prince
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A crown of straw; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.