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A Defence of Poesie and Poems
A Defence of Poesie and Poems

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/24 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
* * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.
The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.
The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.
IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.
If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Defence of Poesie and Poems

Chapter VIII · Chapter 8

Chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems is here in full — 122 sentences across 25 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/24 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
* * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.
Line 2
The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.
/ðə rɑːks wɪtʃ wɜːr ʌv ˈkɑːnstənt maɪnd ðə mɑːrk ɪn ˈklaɪmɪŋ stiːp naʊ hɑːrd rəˈfjuːzəl ʃoʊ ðə ˈʃeɪdɪŋ wʊdz siːm naʊ maɪ sʌn tuː dɑːrk ənd ˈsteɪtli hɪlz dɪsˈdeɪn tuː lʊk soʊ loʊ/
Line 3
The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.
Line 4
IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.
Line 5
If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.
/ɪf ˈiːðər juː wʊd tʃeɪndʒ jɔːr ˈkruːəl hɑːrt ɔːr ˈkruːəl stɪl taɪm dɪd jɔːr ˈbjuːtiz steɪn ɪf frʌm maɪ soʊl ðɪs lʌv wʊd wʌns dɪˈpɑːrt ɔːr fɔːr maɪ lʌv sʌm lʌv aɪ maɪt əbˈteɪn ðen maɪt aɪ hoʊp ə tʃeɪndʒ ɔːr iːz ʌv maɪnd baɪ jɔːr ɡʊd help ɔːr ɪn ˌmaɪˈself tuː faɪnd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

augment verb US /ɔːɡˈment/

enlarge or increase

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

dales noun US /deɪlz/

plural of “dale” — an open river valley (in a hilly area)

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

foiled adjective US /fɔɪld/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading “IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.”

infect verb US /ˌɪnˈfekt/

communicate a disease to

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

Infected adjective US /ˌɪnˈfektɪd/

containing or resulting from disease-causing organisms

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

meads noun US /miːdz/

plural of “mead” — United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

restful adjective US /ˈrestfəl/

affording physical or mental rest

From this reading “The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.”

shading noun US /ˈʃeɪdɪŋ/

graded markings that indicate light or shaded areas in a drawing or painting

From this reading “The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.”

All words in this reading · 137

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

AlasexclamationUS /əˈlæs/

used to show sadness, pity, or regret

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

answerverbUS /ˈænsər/

react verbally

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

ascentnounUS /əˈsent/

an upward slope or grade (as in a road)

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

augmentverbUS /ɔːɡˈment/

enlarge or increase

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

beautiesnounUS /ˈbjuːtiz/

plural of “beauty” — the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

brooksnounUS /brʊks/

United States literary critic and historian (1886-1963)

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

ByprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

causenounUS /kɑːz/

events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

cavesnounUS /keɪvz/

plural of “cave” — a geological formation consisting of an underground enclosure with access from the surface of the ground or from the sea

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

changeverbUS /tʃeɪndʒ/

cause to change; make different; cause a transformation

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

climbingnounUS /ˈklaɪmɪŋ/

an event that involves rising to a higher point (as in altitude or temperature or intensity etc.)

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

constantadjectiveUS /ˈkɑːnstənt/

unvarying in nature

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

contendverbUS /kənˈtend/

maintain or assert

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

crueladjectiveUS /ˈkruːəl/

(of persons or their actions) able or disposed to inflict pain or suffering

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

cutverbUS /kʌt/

separate with or as if with an instrument

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

dalesnounUS /deɪlz/

plural of “dale” — an open river valley (in a hilly area)

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

darknounUS /dɑːrk/

absence of light or illumination

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

departverbUS /dɪˈpɑːrt/

move away from a place into another direction

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

didauxiliary verbUS /dɪd/

the past form of “do”, used in questions and negatives

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

disdainverbUS /dɪsˈdeɪn/

look down on with disdain

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

dothauxiliary verbUS /dɔːθ/

an old form of “does”

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

eachdeterminerUS /iːtʃ/

every one of two or more people or things, taken separately

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

easeverbUS /iːz/

move gently or carefully

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

eitherdeterminerUS /ˈiːðər/

one or the other of two

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

engravéd

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

fanciesnounUS /ˈfænsiz/

plural of “fancy” — something many people believe that is false

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

findverbUS /faɪnd/

come upon, as if by accident; meet with

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

foiledadjectiveUS /fɔɪld/

disappointingly unsuccessful

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

ForprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

giveverbUS /ɡɪv/

cause to have, in the abstract sense or physical sense

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

gladlyadverbUS /ˈɡlædli/

in a willing manner

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

hardadjectiveUS /hɑːrd/

not easy; requiring great physical or mental effort to accomplish or comprehend or endure

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

heartnounUS /hɑːrt/

the locus of feelings and intuitions

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

helpverbUS /help/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

hillsnounUS /hɪlz/

plural of “hill” — a local and well-defined elevation of the land

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

hopenounUS /hoʊp/

a specific instance of feeling hopeful

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

IFconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

INprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

infectverbUS /ˌɪnˈfekt/

communicate a disease to

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

InfectedadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈfektɪd/

containing or resulting from disease-causing organisms

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

joynounUS /dʒɔɪ/

the emotion of great happiness

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

lateadjectiveUS /leɪt/

being or occurring at an advanced period of time or after a usual or expected time

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

late-mown

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

lawnounUS /lɔː/

the collection of rules imposed by authority

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

leaveverbUS /liːv/

go away from a place

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

liesnounUS /laɪz/

plural of “lie” — a statement that deviates from or perverts the truth

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

LikeverbUS /laɪk/

prefer or wish to do something

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

lookverbUS /lʊk/

perceive with attention; direct one's gaze towards

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

lovenounUS /lʌv/

a strong positive emotion of regard and affection

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

lowadjectiveUS /loʊ/

less than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

markverbUS /mɑːrk/

attach a tag or label to

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

me-seems

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

meadsnounUS /miːdz/

plural of “mead” — United States anthropologist noted for her claims about adolescence and sexual behavior in Polynesian cultures (1901-1978)

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

mindnounUS /maɪnd/

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

mindsnounUS /maɪndz/

plural of “mind” — that which is responsible for one's thoughts, feelings, and conscious brain functions; the seat of the faculty of reason

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

minepronounUS /maɪn/

the one or ones belonging to the person speaking

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

myselfpronounUS /ˌmaɪˈself/

used when the speaker is also the object of the action

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

obtainverbUS /əbˈteɪn/

come into possession of

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

onceadverbUS /wʌns/

on one occasion

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

OrconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

painnounUS /peɪn/

a symptom of some physical hurt or disorder

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

PartnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

rangenounUS /reɪndʒ/

an area in which something acts or operates or has power or control: "the range of a supersonic jet"

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

reasonnounUS /ˈriːzən/

a rational motive for a belief or action

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

reason's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

rebelnounUS /ˈrebəl/

“Johnny” was applied as a nickname for Confederate soldiers by the Federal soldiers in the American Civil War; “greyback” derived from their grey Confederate uniforms

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

receiveverbUS /rəˈsiːv/

get something; come into possession of

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

refusalnounUS /rəˈfjuːzəl/

the act of refusing

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

restfuladjectiveUS /ˈrestfəl/

affording physical or mental rest

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

restlessadjectiveUS /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

shadingnounUS /ˈʃeɪdɪŋ/

graded markings that indicate light or shaded areas in a drawing or painting

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

showverbUS /ʃoʊ/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

sinkverbUS /sɪŋk/

fall or descend to a lower place or level

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

SomeadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

soulnounUS /soʊl/

the immaterial part of a person; the actuating cause of an individual life

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

stainnounUS /steɪn/

a soiled or discolored appearance

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

statelyadjectiveUS /ˈsteɪtli/

impressive in appearance

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

sunnounUS /sʌn/

the star that is the source of light and heat for the planets in the solar system

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

sweetadjectiveUS /swiːt/

having or denoting the characteristic taste of sugar

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

swimverbUS /swɪm/

travel through water

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

tearsnounUS /terz/

the process of shedding tears (usually accompanied by sobs or other inarticulate sounds)

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

ThenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

thingnounUS /θɪŋ/

a special situation

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

thinkingnounUS /ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/

the process of using your mind to consider something carefully

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

thoughtsnounUS /θɔːts/

plural of “thought” — the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

vainadjectiveUS /veɪn/

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

visionsnounUS /ˈvɪʒənz/

plural of “vision” — a vivid mental image

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

walksnounUS /wɔːks/

plural of “walk” — the act of traveling by foot

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

waynounUS /weɪ/

how something is done or how it happens

From this reading The restful caves now restless visions give; In dales I see each way a hard ascent: Like late-mown meads, late cut from joy I live; Alas, sweet brooks do in my tears augment: Rocks, woods, hills, caves, dales, meads, brooks, answer me; Infected minds infect each thing they see.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

whereto

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

wiselyadverbUS /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

wontedadjective

commonly used or practiced; usual

From this reading * * * * * IN wonted walks, since wonted fancies change, Some cause there is, which of strange cause doth rise: For in each thing whereto mine eye doth range, Part of my pain, me-seems, engravéd lies.

woodsnounUS /wʊdz/

the trees and other plants in a large densely wooded area

From this reading The rocks, which were of constant mind the mark, In climbing steep, now hard refusal show; The shading woods seem now my sun to dark, And stately hills disdain to look so low.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading IF I could think how these my thoughts to leave, Or thinking still, my thoughts might have good end; If rebel sense would reason’s law receive; Or reason foiled, would not in vain contend: Then might I think what thoughts were best to think: Then might I wisely swim, or gladly sink.

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

yourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading If either you would change your cruel heart, Or, cruel still, time did your beauties stain: If from my soul this love would once depart, Or for my love some love I might obtain; Then might I hope a change, or ease of mind, By your good help, or in myself, to find.

Chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems by Philip Sidney holds 122 sentences, grouped into 25 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems contain?

Chapter 8 holds 122 sentences of A Defence of Poesie and Poems, unabridged, divided into 25 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems by Philip Sidney exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 122 sentences, grouped into 25 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 8 of A Defence of Poesie and Poems?

Work through the 25 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 25 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 8 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 8 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Defence of Poesie and Poems

Common questions about reading A Defence of Poesie and Poems by Philip Sidney on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Defence of Poesie and Poems?

Yes. All 1078 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1962 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Defence of Poesie and Poems is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1962, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Defence of Poesie and Poems take to read?

About 89 minutes of reading across 216 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Defence of Poesie and Poems section by section

How to work through A Defence of Poesie and Poems section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Defence of Poesie and Poems

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Defence of Poesie and Poems, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Cassell
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Defence of Poesie and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
National
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Defence of Poesie and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Library
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Defence of Poesie and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Defence
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Defence of Poesie and Poems; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.