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A Family of Noblemen
A Family of Noblemen

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/66 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.
Two maids supported her under the armpits.
Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.
She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.
Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Family of Noblemen

Chapter IV

Chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 334 sentences across 67 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/66 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.
Line 2
Two maids supported her under the armpits.
/tuː meɪdz səˈpɔːrtɪd hɜːr ˈʌndər ðə ˈɑːrmpɪts/
Line 3
Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.
/hɜːr ɡreɪ lɑːks striːmd aʊt frʌm ˈʌndər hɜːr kæp hɜːr hed druːpt ənd ʃʊk frʌm saɪd tuː saɪd ənd hɜːr lɪmz siːmd ˈhɑːrdli ˈeɪbəl tuː səˈpɔːrt hɜːr/
Line 4
She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.
Line 5
Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

armpits noun US /ˈɑːrmpɪts/

plural of “armpit” — the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder

From this reading “Two maids supported her under the armpits.”

drooped verb US /druːpt/

past form of “droop” — droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading “Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.”

maids noun US /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading “Two maids supported her under the armpits.”

Polka noun US /ˈpoʊlkɑː/

music performed for dancing the polka

From this reading “Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.”

receptions noun US /rɪˈsepʃənz/

plural of “reception” — the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading “Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.”

streamed verb US /striːmd/

past form of “stream” — to extend, wave or float outward, as if in the wind

From this reading “Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.”

venerable adjective US /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading “She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.”

weighed verb US /weɪd/

past form of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading “Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

hardly able adverb + adjective

In this reading “Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.”

weighed down verb + adjective counted as “weigh down”

be oppressive or disheartening to

In this reading “Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.”

always liked adverb + adjective

In this reading “She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.”

play the part verb + article + noun counted as “play … part”

In this reading “She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.”

high mass adjective + noun

a solemn and elaborate Mass with music

In this reading “Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.”

with difficulty preposition + noun

In this reading “She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.”

All words in this reading · 63

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

Arina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

armpitsnounUS /ˈɑːrmpɪts/

plural of “armpit” — the hollow under the arm where it is joined to the shoulder

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

assistverbUS /əˈsɪst/

give help or assistance; be of service

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

bishopnounUS /ˈbɪʃəp/

a senior member of the Christian clergy having spiritual and administrative authority; appointed in Christian churches to oversee priests or ministers; considered in some churches to be successors of the twelve Apostles of Christ

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

capnounUS /kæp/

a tight-fitting headdress

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

carewornadjective

showing the wearing effects of overwork or care or suffering

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

difficultynounUS /ˈdɪfəkəlti/

an effort that is inconvenient

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

downadjectiveUS /daʊn/

being or moving lower in position or less in some value

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

droopedverbUS /druːpt/

past form of “droop” — droop, sink, or settle from or as if from pressure or loss of tautness

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

gettingnounUS /ˈɡetɪŋ/

the act of acquiring something

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

greyadjectiveUS /ɡreɪ/

of an achromatic color of any lightness intermediate between the extremes of white and black

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

griefnounUS /ɡriːf/

intense sorrow caused by loss of a loved one (especially by death)

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

headnounUS /hed/

the upper part of the human body or the front part of the body in animals; contains the face and brains

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

herselfpronounUS /hərˈself/

used when the woman or girl doing the action is also its object

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

highadjectiveUS /haɪ/

greater than normal in degree or intensity or amount

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

likedadjectiveUS /laɪkt/

found pleasant or attractive; often used as a combining form

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

limbsnounUS /lɪmz/

plural of “limb” — one of the jointed appendages of an animal used for locomotion or grasping: arm; leg; wing; flipper

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

locksnounUS /lɑːks/

plural of “lock” — a fastener fitted to a door or drawer to keep it firmly closed

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

mace-bearers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

maidsnounUS /meɪdz/

plural of “maid” — a female domestic

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

massnounUS /mæs/

the property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

movingadjectiveUS /ˈmuːvɪŋ/

in motion

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

outadjectiveUS /aʊt/

not allowed to continue to bat or run

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

Petrovna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

PolkanounUS /ˈpoʊlkɑː/

music performed for dancing the polka

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

receivedadjectiveUS /rəˈsiːvd/

conforming to the established language usage of educated native speakers

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

receptionsnounUS /rɪˈsepʃənz/

plural of “reception” — the manner in which something is greeted

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

seemedverbUS /siːmd/

past form of “seem” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

ShepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

shooknounUS /ʃʊk/

a disassembled barrel; the parts packed for storage or shipment

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

sidenounUS /saɪd/

a place within a region identified relative to a center or reference location

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

SimonnounUS /ˈsaɪmən/

one of the twelve Apostles (first century)

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

SimpleadjectiveUS /ˈsɪmpəl/

having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

solemnlyadverbUS /ˈsɔːləmli/

in a grave and sedate manner

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

sonsnounUS /sʌnz/

plural of “son” — a male human offspring

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

streamedverbUS /striːmd/

past form of “stream” — to extend, wave or float outward, as if in the wind

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

supportnounUS /səˈpɔːrt/

the activity of providing for or maintaining by supplying with money or necessities

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

supportedadjectiveUS /səˈpɔːrtɪd/

sustained or maintained by aid (as distinct from physical support)

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Her grey locks streamed out from under her cap, her head drooped, and shook from side to side, and her limbs seemed hardly able to support her.

TwonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

underprepositionUS /ˈʌndər/

below or beneath something; less than

From this reading Two maids supported her under the armpits.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

weighedverbUS /weɪd/

past form of “weigh” — have a certain weight

From this reading Arina Petrovna received her sons solemnly, weighed down by grief.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading She always liked to play the part of a venerable, careworn mother before her children, moving with difficulty and getting her maids to assist her.

Yulka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Simple Simon called such solemn receptions high mass, herself a bishop, and the maids, Polka and Yulka, mace-bearers.

Chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov holds 334 sentences, grouped into 67 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen contain?

Chapter 4 holds 334 sentences of A Family of Noblemen, unabridged, divided into 67 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 334 sentences, grouped into 67 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 4 of A Family of Noblemen?

Work through the 67 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 67 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 4 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 4 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Family of Noblemen

Common questions about reading A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Family of Noblemen?

Yes. All 7878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Family of Noblemen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44237, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Family of Noblemen take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Family of Noblemen section by section

How to work through A Family of Noblemen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of A Family of Noblemen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Family of Noblemen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Family of Noblemen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Liveright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vasilyev
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manager
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.