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A Family of Noblemen
A Family of Noblemen

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.
Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.
He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.
One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."
No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Family of Noblemen

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 106 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/21 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.
Line 2
Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.
Line 3
He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.
Line 4
One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."
Line 5
No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.
/noʊ hiː wɑːz ə ˈhɪpəkrɪt ʌv ðə ˈpjʊrli ˈrʌʃən briːd ˈsɪmpli ə mæn dɪˈvɔɪd ʌv ˈmɔːrəl ˈstændərdz ənd ˈɪɡnərənt ʌv ˈeni ɪkˈsept ðə moʊst ˌeləˈmentri truːθs/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

babbler noun US /ˈbæblər/

an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker

From this reading “He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.”

bourgeois adjective US /bʊrʒˈwɑː/

(according to Marxist thought) being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class

From this reading “One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."”

budge verb US /bʌdʒ/

move very slightly

From this reading “Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.”

devoid adjective US /dɪˈvɔɪd/

completely wanting or lacking

From this reading “No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.”

elementary adjective US /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading “No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.”

hypocrite noun US /ˈhɪpəkrɪt/

a person who professes beliefs and opinions that he or she does not hold in order to conceal his or her real feelings or motives

From this reading “One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."”

standards noun US /ˈstændərdz/

plural of “standard” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading “No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.”

tarnished verb US /ˈtɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “tarnish” — make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading “He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

considerably older adverb + adjective

In this reading “He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.”

Five years noun + noun

In this reading “Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.”

for instance preposition + noun

as an example

In this reading “One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."”

for the sake preposition + article + noun counted as “for … sake”

In this reading “He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.”

passed since verb + particle counted as “pass since”

In this reading “Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.”

took up verb + adjective counted as “take up”

pursue or resume

In this reading “Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.”

think of verb + particle

keep in mind for attention or consideration

In this reading “One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

abodenounUS /əˈboʊd/

any address at which you dwell more than temporarily

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

Arina

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

babblernounUS /ˈbæblər/

an obnoxious and foolish and loquacious talker

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

becameverbUS /bɪˈkeɪm/

inflected form of “become” — enter or assume a certain state or condition

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

bourgeoisadjectiveUS /bʊrʒˈwɑː/

(according to Marxist thought) being of the property-owning class and exploitive of the working class

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

breedverbUS /briːd/

call forth

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

budgeverbUS /bʌdʒ/

move very slightly

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

considerablyadverbUS /kənˈsɪdərəbli/

to a great extent or degree

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

dainties

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

dearadjectiveUS /dɪr/

dearly loved

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

devoidadjectiveUS /dɪˈvɔɪd/

completely wanting or lacking

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

elementaryadjectiveUS /ˌeləˈmentri/

easy and not involved or complicated

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

emptyverbUS /ˈempti/

make void or empty of contents

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

everadverbUS /ˈevər/

at any time

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

exceptprepositionUS /ɪkˈsept/

apart from; not including

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

expatiating

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

fadedadjectiveUS /ˈfeɪdəd/

having lost freshness or brilliance of color

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

FivenounUS /faɪv/

the cardinal number that is the sum of four and one

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

fondadjectiveUS /fɑːnd/

having or displaying warmth or affection

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

foundationsnounUS /faʊnˈdeɪʃənz/

plural of “foundation” — the basis on which something is grounded

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

FrenchnounUS /frentʃ/

the Romance language spoken in France and in countries colonized by France

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

Golovliovo

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

greatlyadverbUS /ˈɡreɪtli/

to an extraordinary extent or degree

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

HepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

hypocritenounUS /ˈhɪpəkrɪt/

a person who professes beliefs and opinions that he or she does not hold in order to conceal his or her real feelings or motives

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

ignorantadjectiveUS /ˈɪɡnərənt/

uneducated in general; lacking knowledge or sophistication

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

indispensableadjectiveUS /ˌɪndɪˈspensəbəl/

not to be dispensed with; essential

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

instancenounUS /ˈɪnstəns/

an occurrence of something

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

knavenounUS /neɪv/

a deceitful and unreliable scoundrel

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

liarnounUS /ˈlaɪər/

a person who has lied or who lies repeatedly

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

listenernounUS /ˈlɪsənər/

someone who listens attentively

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

mellifluousadjective

pleasing to the ear

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

modernadjectiveUS /ˈmɑːdərn/

belonging to the modern era; since the Middle Ages

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

moraladjectiveUS /ˈmɔːrəl/

concerned with principles of right and wrong or conforming to standards of behavior and character based on those principles

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

mothernounUS /ˈmʌðər/

a woman who has given birth to a child (also used as a term of address to your mother)

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

mustmodal verbUS /mʌst/

used to say something is necessary, or almost certainly true

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

nearlyadverbUS /ˈnɪrli/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

NodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

olderadjectiveUS /ˈoʊldər/

advanced in years; (“aged” is pronounced as two syllables)

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

OnepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

Petrovna

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

Pogorelka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

purelyadverbUS /ˈpjʊrli/

restricted to something

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

readyadjectiveUS /ˈredi/

completely prepared or in condition for immediate action or use or progress

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

rootnounUS /ruːt/

(botany) the usually underground organ that lacks buds or leaves or nodes; absorbs water and mineral salts; usually it anchors the plant to the ground

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

RussiannounUS /ˈrʌʃən/

a native or inhabitant of Russia

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

sakenounUS /seɪk/

a reason for wanting something done

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

sensenounUS /sens/

a general conscious awareness

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

simplyadverbUS /ˈsɪmpli/

and nothing more

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

sinceprepositionUS /sɪns/

from a time in the past until now

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

societynounUS /səˈsaɪəti/

an extended social group having a distinctive cultural and economic organization

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

standardsnounUS /ˈstændərdz/

plural of “standard” — a basis for comparison; a reference point against which other things can be evaluated

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

struckadjectiveUS /strʌk/

(used in combination) affected by something overwhelming

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

talkverbUS /tɔːk/

exchange thoughts; talk with

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

tarnishedverbUS /ˈtɑːrnɪʃt/

past form of “tarnish” — make dirty or spotty, as by exposure to air; also used metaphorically

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

Tartuffenoun

a hypocrite who pretends to religious piety (after the protagonist in a play by Moliere)

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

thinkverbUS /θɪŋk/

judge or regard; look upon; judge

From this reading One must not think of Yudushka as a hypocrite in the sense of Tartuffe, for instance, or some modern French bourgeois, mellifluous and fond of expatiating on "the foundations of society."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

tookverbUS /tʊk/

inflected form of “take” — carry out

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

truthsnounUS /truːθs/

plural of “truth” — a fact that has been verified

From this reading No, he was a hypocrite of the purely Russian breed, simply a man devoid of moral standards and ignorant of any except the most elementary truths.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading He became considerably older, faded and tarnished greatly, but was more of a knave, liar and babbler than ever, for now his "mother dear" was nearly always with him, and for the sake of dainties, she became a ready and indispensable listener to his empty talk.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

yearsnounUS /jɪrz/

a late time of life

From this reading Five years had passed since Arina Petrovna took up her abode at Pogorelka.

Yudushka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Yudushka struck root in Golovliovo and would not budge.

Chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov holds 106 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen contain?

Chapter 13 holds 106 sentences of A Family of Noblemen, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 106 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of A Family of Noblemen?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Family of Noblemen

Common questions about reading A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Family of Noblemen?

Yes. All 7878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Family of Noblemen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44237, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Family of Noblemen take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through A Family of Noblemen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Family of Noblemen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Family of Noblemen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Liveright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vasilyev
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manager
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.