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A Family of Noblemen
A Family of Noblemen

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/19 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Anninka spent a restless night.
The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.
There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.
Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.
In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Family of Noblemen

Chapter XXI

Chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen is here in full — 95 sentences across 19 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/19 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Anninka spent a restless night.
Line 2
The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.
Line 3
There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.
/ðer ɑːr ˈmoʊmənts wen ə ˈpɜːrsən huː hæz bɪn ˈmɪrli ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ ˈsʌdənli ˈriːəlaɪzɪz ðæt ðer ɪz ə vaɪl ˈʌlsər ʌv sʌm kaɪnd ˈfestərɪŋ ɪn hɪz laɪf/
Line 4
Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.
Line 5
In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.
/ɪn moʊst ˈkeɪsəz ɪt ɪz nɑːt əˈskraɪbd tuː ðə ˈkɑːzəz ðæt hæv ˈrɪli brɔːt ɪt ɑːn/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

ascribed verb US /əˈskraɪbd/

past form of “ascribe” — attribute or credit to

From this reading “In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.”

existing adjective US /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading “There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.”

festering noun US /ˈfestərɪŋ/

(medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus

From this reading “There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.”

hysterical adjective US /hɪˈsterɪkəl/

characterized by or arising from psychoneurotic hysteria

From this reading “The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.”

overtaken verb US /ˈoʊvərteɪkən/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading “The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.”

realizes verb US /ˈriːəlaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “realize” — be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading “There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.”

ulcer noun US /ˈʌlsər/

a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue

From this reading “There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.”

vile adjective US /vaɪl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading “There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

restless night adjective + noun

In this reading “Anninka spent a restless night.”

came from verb + particle counted as “come from”

In this reading “Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.”

All words in this reading · 60

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Anninka spent a restless night.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

Anninka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Anninka spent a restless night.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

ascribedverbUS /əˈskraɪbd/

past form of “ascribe” — attribute or credit to

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

broughtverbUS /brɔːt/

inflected form of “bring” — take something or somebody with oneself somewhere

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

casesnounUS /ˈkeɪsəz/

plural of “case” — an occurrence of something

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

causesnounUS /ˈkɑːzəz/

plural of “cause” — events that provide the generative force that is the origin of something

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

existingadjectiveUS /ɪɡˈzɪstɪŋ/

presently existing

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

explainverbUS /ɪkˈspleɪn/

make plain and comprehensible

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

festeringnounUS /ˈfestərɪŋ/

(medicine) the formation of morbific matter in an abscess or a vesicle and the discharge of pus

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

formedadjectiveUS /fɔːrmd/

having or given a form or shape

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

herdeterminerUS /hɜːr/

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

how

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

hystericaladjectiveUS /hɪˈsterɪkəl/

characterized by or arising from psychoneurotic hysteria

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

itselfpronounUS /ˌɪtˈself/

used when the thing doing the action is also its object

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

kindadjectiveUS /kaɪnd/

having or showing a tender and considerate and helpful nature; used especially of persons and their behavior

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

merelyadverbUS /ˈmɪrli/

and nothing more

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

momentsnounUS /ˈmoʊmənts/

plural of “moment” — a particular point in time

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Anninka spent a restless night.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

oneself

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

overtakenverbUS /ˈoʊvərteɪkən/

inflected form of “overtake” — catch up with and possibly overtake

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

persistedverbUS /pərˈsɪstɪd/

past form of “persist” — continue to exist

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

personnounUS /ˈpɜːrsən/

a human being

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

Pogorelka

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

realizesverbUS /ˈriːəlaɪzɪz/

third-person singular of “realize” — be fully aware or cognizant of

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

reallyadverbUS /ˈrɪli/

in accordance with truth or fact or reality

From this reading In most cases it is not ascribed to the causes that have really brought it on.

restlessadjectiveUS /ˈrestləs/

worried and uneasy

From this reading Anninka spent a restless night.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

spentadjectiveUS /spent/

depleted of energy, force, or strength

From this reading Anninka spent a restless night.

stilladjectiveUS /stɪl/

not in physical motion

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

suddenlyadverbUS /ˈsʌdənli/

happening unexpectedly

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The hysterical mood that had overtaken her at Pogorelka still persisted.

ThereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

ulcernounUS /ˈʌlsər/

a circumscribed inflammatory and often suppurating lesion on the skin or an internal mucous surface resulting in necrosis of tissue

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

vileadjectiveUS /vaɪl/

morally reprehensible

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

WhereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading Where it came from, how it formed itself--one cannot always explain to oneself.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading There are moments when a person who has been merely existing suddenly realizes that there is a vile ulcer of some kind festering in his life.

Chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov holds 95 sentences, grouped into 19 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen contain?

Chapter 21 holds 95 sentences of A Family of Noblemen, unabridged, divided into 19 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 95 sentences, grouped into 19 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 21 of A Family of Noblemen?

Work through the 19 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 19 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 21 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 21 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Family of Noblemen

Common questions about reading A Family of Noblemen by Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Family of Noblemen?

Yes. All 7878 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #44237 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Family of Noblemen is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #44237, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Family of Noblemen take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1576 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Family of Noblemen section by section

How to work through A Family of Noblemen section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 35 chapters of A Family of Noblemen to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Family of Noblemen

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Family of Noblemen, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Liveright
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Anton
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Vasilyev
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Manager
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Family of Noblemen; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.