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A Florentine Tragedy
A Florentine Tragedy

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.
_If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.
_The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .
. and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Florentine Tragedy

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy is here in full — 267 sentences across 54 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/53 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.
Line 2
_If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.
Line 3
_The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .
Line 4
Line 5
. and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

adverse adjective US /ædˈvɜːrs/

contrary to your interests or welfare

From this reading “Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.”

augurs noun US /ˈɔːɡərz/

plural of “augur” — (ancient Rome) a religious official who interpreted omens to guide public policy

From this reading “_If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.”

devour verb US /dɪˈvaʊər/

destroy completely

From this reading “_The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .”

devoured verb US /dɪˈvaʊərd/

past form of “devour” — destroy completely

From this reading “_The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .”

Florentine adjective US /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading “Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.”

gratifying adjective US /ˈɡrætəfaɪɪŋ/

pleasing to the mind or feeling

From this reading “_If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.”

Preface noun US /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading “Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.”

strauss noun US /straʊs/

German composer of many operas; collaborated with librettist Hugo von Hoffmannsthal to produce several operas (1864-1949)

From this reading “. and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.”

All words in this reading · 81

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

111

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

127

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

AdeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

adverseadjectiveUS /ædˈvɜːrs/

contrary to your interests or welfare

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

approvalnounUS /əˈpruːvəl/

the formal act of approving

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

areauxiliary verbUS /ɑːr/

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

artauxiliary verbUS /ɑːrt/

an old form of “are”, used with “thou”

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

artisticadjectiveUS /ɑːrˈtɪstɪk/

relating to or characteristic of art or artists

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

AsconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

attachedadjectiveUS /əˈtætʃt/

being joined in close association

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

attitudenounUS /ˈætətuːd/

a complex mental state involving beliefs and feelings and values and dispositions to act in certain ways

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

augursnounUS /ˈɔːɡərz/

plural of “augur” — (ancient Rome) a religious official who interpreted omens to guide public policy

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

canmodal verbUS /kæn/

to be able to, or to be allowed to

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

cannot

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

confessverbUS /kənˈfes/

confess to a punishable or reprehensible deed, usually under pressure

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

Courtisane

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

criticismnounUS /ˈkrɪtɪsɪzəm/

disapproval expressed by pointing out faults or shortcomings

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

developmentnounUS /dɪˈveləpmənt/

act of improving by expanding or enlarging or refining

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

devourverbUS /dɪˈvaʊər/

destroy completely

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

devouredverbUS /dɪˈvaʊərd/

past form of “devour” — destroy completely

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

endureverbUS /enˈdjʊr/

put up with something or somebody unpleasant

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

enthusiasticadjectiveUS /ɪnˌθuːziˈæstɪk/

having or showing great excitement and interest

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

FlorentineadjectiveUS /ˈflɔːrəntiːn/

of or relating to or characteristic of the city of Florence, Italy

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

furtheradverbUS /ˈfɜːrðər/

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

goodadjectiveUS /ɡʊd/

having desirable or positive qualities especially those suitable for a thing specified

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

gratifyingadjectiveUS /ˈɡrætəfaɪɪŋ/

pleasing to the mind or feeling

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

hatefuladjectiveUS /ˈheɪtfəl/

evoking or deserving hatred

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

IfconjunctionUS /ɪf/

on condition that; in the event that

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

importancenounUS /ˌɪmˈpɔːrtəns/

the quality of being important and worthy of note

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

intentionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈtentʃənz/

plural of “intention” — an anticipated outcome that is intended or that guides your planned actions

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

justadverbUS /dʒʌst/

and nothing more

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

LanounUS /lɑː/

a white soft metallic element that tarnishes readily; occurs in rare earth minerals and is usually classified as a rare earth

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

maintainverbUS /meɪnˈteɪn/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

momentnounUS /ˈmoʊmənt/

a particular point in time

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

moveverbUS /muːv/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

notadverbUS /nɑːt/

used to make a word, phrase, or sentence negative

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

others

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

personaladjectiveUS /ˈpɜːrsɪnəl/

concerning or affecting a particular person or his or her private life and personality

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

PrefacenounUS /ˈprefəs/

a short introductory essay preceding the text of a book

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

pressverbUS /pres/

exert pressure or force to or upon

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

RICHARD

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

Sainte

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

sameadjectiveUS /seɪm/

Identical; not different.

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

shedverbUS /ʃed/

get rid of

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

spitenounUS /spaɪt/

feeling a need to see others suffer

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

STRAUSSnounUS /straʊs/

German composer of many operas; collaborated with librettist Hugo von Hoffmannsthal to produce several operas (1864-1949)

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

successnounUS /səkˈses/

an event that accomplishes its intended purpose

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

suspicionsnounUS /səˈspɪʃənz/

plural of “suspicion” — an impression that something might be the case

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

tearverbUS /ter/

separate or cause to separate abruptly

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading _If my works are of no account_, _the most gratifying success of the moment and the most enthusiastic approval of as augurs cannot make them endure_.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

towardsprepositionUS /təˈwɔːrdz/

in the direction of

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

TragedynounUS /ˈtrædʒədi/

an event resulting in great loss and misfortune

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

viinoun

the cardinal number that is the sum of six and one

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

waste-paper

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading _The waste-paper press can devour them as it has devoured many others_, _and I will not shed a tear .

whateverdeterminerUS /ˌwʌˈtevər/

any or all of a kind, it does not matter which

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

worksnounUS /wɜːrks/

buildings for carrying on industrial labor

From this reading Preface vii La Sainte Courtisane 111 A Florentine Tragedy 127 ‘_As to my personal attitude towards criticism_, _I confess in brief the following_:—“_If my works are good and of any importance whatever for the further development of art_, _they will maintain their place in spite of all adverse criticism and in spite of all hateful suspicions attached to my artistic intentions_.

worldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading . and the world will move on just the same_.”’—RICHARD STRAUSS.

Chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy by Oscar Wilde holds 267 sentences, grouped into 54 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy contain?

Chapter 1 holds 267 sentences of A Florentine Tragedy, unabridged, divided into 54 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy by Oscar Wilde exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 267 sentences, grouped into 54 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Florentine Tragedy?

Work through the 54 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 54 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Florentine Tragedy

Common questions about reading A Florentine Tragedy by Oscar Wilde on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Florentine Tragedy?

Yes. All 1082 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #1308 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Florentine Tragedy is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #1308, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Florentine Tragedy take to read?

About 90 minutes of reading across 217 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Florentine Tragedy section by section

How to work through A Florentine Tragedy section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Florentine Tragedy

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Florentine Tragedy, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Preface
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Florentine Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Sainte
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Florentine Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Courtisane
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Florentine Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Florentine
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Florentine Tragedy; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.