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A Friend of Cæsar
A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/78 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.
[57] From Cadiz, Spain.
Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.
"I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.
"Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter III · Chapter 3

Chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 394 sentences across 79 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/78 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.
Line 2
[57] From Cadiz, Spain.
Line 3
Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.
Line 4
"I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.
Line 5
"Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

banquets noun US /ˈbæŋkwəts/

plural of “banquet” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.”

broker noun US /ˈbroʊkər/

a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading “"Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.”

Cadiz noun US /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading “[57] From Cadiz, Spain.”

conspirator noun US /kənˈspɪrətər/

a member of a conspiracy

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.”

gluttony noun US /ˈɡlʌtəni/

habitual eating to excess

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.”

Grievance noun US /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.”

orgies noun US /ˈɔːrdʒiz/

plural of “orgy” — any act of immoderate indulgence

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.”

presided verb US /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading “Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.”

All words in this reading · 95

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

57

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

afterprepositionUS /ˈæftər/

later than; following

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Ahenobarbus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

AirsnounUS /erz/

affected manners intended to impress others

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

amauxiliary verbUS /æm/

the form of “be” used with “I”

From this reading "I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

banquetsnounUS /ˈbæŋkwəts/

plural of “banquet” — a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

brokernounUS /ˈbroʊkər/

a businessman who buys or sells for another in exchange for a commission

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

CadiznounUS /kəˈdiːz/

an ancient port city in southwestern Spain

From this reading [57] From Cadiz, Spain.

calledverbUS /kɔːld/

past form of “call” — assign a specified (usually proper) proper name to

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Catilinian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

centnounUS /sent/

a fractional monetary unit of several countries

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

clearedadjectiveUS /klɪrd/

rid of objects or obstructions such as e.g. trees and brush

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

conspiratornounUS /kənˈspɪrətər/

a member of a conspiracy

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

continuedadjectiveUS /kənˈtɪnjuːd/

without stop or interruption

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

cursingverbUS /ˈkɜːrsɪŋ/

-ing form of “curse” — utter obscenities or profanities

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

dancingnounUS /ˈdænsɪŋ/

taking a series of rhythmical steps (and movements) in time to music

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

describedadjectiveUS /dɪˈskraɪbd/

represented in words especially with sharpness and detail

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

dicenounUS /daɪs/

a small cube with 1 to 6 spots on the six faces; used in gambling to generate random numbers

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

dinnernounUS /ˈdɪnər/

the main meal of the day served in the evening or at midday

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

drinkverbUS /drɪŋk/

take in liquids

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

edifiedadjective

instructed and encouraged in moral, intellectual, and spiritual improvement

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

engrossedadjectiveUS /ɪnˈɡroʊst/

giving or marked by complete attention to

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

everydeterminerUS /ˈevəri/

all the members of a group, with none left out

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

FromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading [57] From Cadiz, Spain.

Gadesian

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

gamenounUS /ɡeɪm/

a contest with rules to determine a winner

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

girlsnounUS /ɡɜːrlz/

plural of “girl” — a young female

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

gluttonynounUS /ˈɡlʌtəni/

habitual eating to excess

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

godnounUS /ɡɑːd/

the supernatural being conceived as the perfect and omnipotent and omniscient originator and ruler of the universe; the object of worship in monotheistic religions

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

GrievancenounUS /ˈɡriːvəns/

a resentment strong enough to justify retaliation

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

groanedverbUS /ɡroʊnd/

past form of “groan” — indicate pain, discomfort, or displeasure

From this reading "I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

heavilyadverbUS /ˈhevəli/

to a considerable degree

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

HisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Idesnoun

in the Roman calendar: the 15th of March or May or July or October or the 13th of any other month

From this reading "I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

indulgedverbUS /ˌɪnˈdʌldʒd/

past form of “indulge” — give free rein to

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Laeca

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

learningnounUS /ˈlɜːrnɪŋ/

the cognitive process of acquiring skill or knowledge

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

loannounUS /loʊn/

the temporary provision of money (usually at interest)

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

Lucius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Marcus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

monthnounUS /mʌnθ/

one of the twelve divisions of the calendar year

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

neednounUS /niːd/

a condition requiring relief

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

neitherdeterminerUS /ˈniːðər/

not one and not the other of two

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

nextadjectiveUS /nekst/

immediately following in time or order

From this reading "I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.

nightnounUS /naɪt/

the time after sunset and before sunrise while it is dark outside

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

nobleadjectiveUS /ˈnoʊbəl/

impressive in appearance

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

orgiesnounUS /ˈɔːrdʒiz/

plural of “orgy” — any act of immoderate indulgence

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

perprepositionUS /pɜːr/

for each

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

Phormio

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading "Phormio the broker has only continued my loan at four per cent a month.

playverbUS /pleɪ/

participate in games or sport

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

pompnounUS /pɑːmp/

cheap or pretentious or vain display

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

presidedverbUS /prɪˈzaɪdɪd/

past form of “preside” — act as president

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

rattleverbUS /ˈrætəl/

make short successive sounds

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

repetitionnounUS /ˌrepəˈtɪʃən/

an event that repeats

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

ruinedadjectiveUS /ˈruːənd/

destroyed physically or morally

From this reading "I am ruined next Ides," he groaned.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

soonadverbUS /suːn/

in the near future

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

SpainnounUS /speɪn/

a parliamentary monarchy in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula; a former colonial power

From this reading [57] From Cadiz, Spain.

speedilyadverbUS /ˈspiːdəli/

with speed

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

tooadverbUS /tuː/

to a degree exceeding normal or proper limits

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus soon lost so heavily that he was cursing every god that presided over the noble game.

wepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

wouldmodal verbUS /wʊd/

used for something imagined, polite, or habitual in the past

From this reading Lucius Ahenobarbus Airs His Grievance I The pomp and gluttony of Roman banquets have been too often described to need repetition here; neither would we be edified by learning all the orgies that Marcus Laeca (an old Catilinian conspirator) and his eight guests indulged in that night: only after the dinner had been cleared, and before the Gadesian[57] dancing girls were called in, the dice began to rattle, and speedily all were engrossed in drink and play.

Chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis holds 394 sentences, grouped into 79 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar contain?

Chapter 3 holds 394 sentences of A Friend of Cæsar, unabridged, divided into 79 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 394 sentences, grouped into 79 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 3 of A Friend of Cæsar?

Work through the 79 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 79 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 3 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 3 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar

Common questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Friend of Cæsar?

Yes. All 8054 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Friend of Cæsar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Friend of Cæsar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Friend of Cæsar section by section

How to work through A Friend of Cæsar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of A Friend of Cæsar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Friend of Cæsar

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Friend of Cæsar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.