Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Friend of Cæsar
A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Friend of Cæsar
Context Illustration Reading 1/80 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.
Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.
Agias was free now.
He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.
Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 403 sentences across 81 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/80 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.
Line 2
Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.
Line 3
Agias was free now.
Line 4
He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.
Line 5
Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

cuffed verb US /kʌft/

past form of “cuff” — hit with the hand

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

lavished verb US /ˈlævɪʃt/

past form of “lavish” — expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

paraded verb US /pərˈeɪdɪd/

past form of “parade” — walk ostentatiously

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

Ravenna noun US /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading “Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.”

servile adjective US /ˈsɜːrvəl/

submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

tenement noun US /ˈtenəmənt/

a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

From this reading “Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.”

toga noun US /ˈtoʊɡə/

a one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

treating verb US /ˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “treat” — interact in a certain way

From this reading “He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.”

All words in this reading · 113

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

ableadjectiveUS /ˈeɪbəl/

(usually followed by “to”) having the necessary means or skill or know-how or authority to do something

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

aboutprepositionUS /əˈbaʊt/

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

abusedadjectiveUS /əˈbjuːzd/

used improperly or excessively especially drugs

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

accountnounUS /əˈkaʊnt/

a record or narrative description of past events

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

Agias

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

Ahenobarbus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

alsoadverbUS /ˈɔːlsoʊ/

in addition

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

amongprepositionUS /əˈmʌŋ/

surrounded by; in the middle of a group

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

buyingnounUS /ˈbaɪɪŋ/

the act of buying

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

classesnounUS /ˈklæsəz/

plural of “class” — a collection of things sharing a common attribute

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

cuffedverbUS /kʌft/

past form of “cuff” — hit with the hand

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

doauxiliary verbUS /duː/

used to form questions and negatives, and to give emphasis

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

donatives

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

driftverbUS /drɪft/

be in motion due to some air or water current

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

Drusus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

enjoyingverbUS /ˌenˈdʒɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “enjoy” — derive or receive pleasure from; get enjoyment from; take pleasure in

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

eyenounUS /aɪ/

the organ of sight

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

Fabia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

faradverbUS /fɑːr/

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

freeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading Agias was free now.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

gainedverbUS /ɡeɪnd/

past form of “gain” — obtain

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

gatherverbUS /ˈɡæðər/

assemble or get together

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

generaladjectiveUS /ˈdʒenərəl/

applying to all or most members of a category or group

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

gentlyadverbUS /ˈdʒentli/

in a gradual manner

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

grimadjectiveUS /ɡrɪm/

not to be placated or appeased or moved by entreaty

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

growverbUS /ɡroʊ/

pass into a condition gradually, take on a specific property or attribute; become

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

hairnounUS /her/

a covering for the body (or parts of it) consisting of a dense growth of threadlike structures (as on the human head); helps to prevent heat loss

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

housenounUS /haʊs/

a dwelling that serves as living quarters for one or more families

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

Ill-Fortune

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

instructionsnounUS /ˌɪnˈstrʌkʃənz/

a manual usually accompanying a technical device and explaining how to install or operate it

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

keepverbUS /kiːp/

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

latelyadverbUS /ˈleɪtli/

in the recent past

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

latteradjectiveUS /ˈlætər/

referring to the second of two things or persons mentioned (or the last one or ones of several)

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

lavishedverbUS /ˈlævɪʃt/

past form of “lavish” — expend profusely; also used with abstract nouns

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

letauxiliary verbUS /let/

used to make a suggestion or a command including the speaker

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

libertynounUS /ˈlɪb.ər.ti/

The state of being free within society from oppressive restrictions on one's way of life.

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

lifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

lodgingsnounUS /ˈlɑːdʒɪŋz/

temporary living quarters

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

longadjectiveUS /lɔːŋ/

primarily temporal sense; being or indicating a relatively great or greater than average duration or passage of time or a duration as specified

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

lowerverbUS /ˈloʊər/

move something or somebody to a lower position

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

Lucius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

many-folded

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

MeetsnounUS /miːts/

plural of “meet” — a meeting at which a number of athletic contests are held

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

mentionedverbUS /ˈmenʃənd/

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

newlyadverbUS /ˈnuːli/

very recently

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

nonepronounUS /nʌn/

not one, and not any

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

nowadverbUS /naʊ/

in the historical present; at this point in the narration of a series of past events

From this reading Agias was free now.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

ownverbUS /oʊn/

have ownership or possession of

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

ownedadjectiveUS /oʊnd/

having an owner; often used in combination

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

paradedverbUS /pərˈeɪdɪd/

past form of “parade” — walk ostentatiously

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

partnounUS /pɑːrt/

something determined in relation to something that includes it

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

personages

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

politicaladjectiveUS /pəˈlɪtəkəl/

involving or characteristic of politics or parties or politicians

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

positionnounUS /pəˈzɪʃən/

the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

Pratinas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

ProbablyadverbUS /ˈprɑːbəbliː/

with considerable certainty; without much doubt

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

RavennanounUS /rəˈvenə/

a battle between the French and an alliance of Spaniards and Swiss and Venetians in 1512

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

satisfactionnounUS /ˌsætəˈsfækʃən/

the contentment one feels when one has fulfilled a desire, need, or expectation

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

servileadjectiveUS /ˈsɜːrvəl/

submissive or fawning in attitude or behavior

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

slave-boys

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

startedverbUS /ˈstɑːrtɪd/

past form of “start” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

storynounUS /ˈstɔːri/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

Subura

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

tenementnounUS /ˈtenəmənt/

a run-down apartment house barely meeting minimal standards

From this reading Agias had been given lodgings by Drusus in a tenement house, owned by the latter, in the Subura.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

thoroughlyadverbUS /ˈθɜːroʊli/

in an exhaustive manner

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

toganounUS /ˈtoʊɡə/

a one-piece cloak worn by men in ancient Rome

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

tokennounUS /ˈtoʊkən/

an individual instance of a type of symbol

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

treatingverbUS /ˈtriːtɪŋ/

-ing form of “treat” — interact in a certain way

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

usedadjectiveUS /juːzd/

employed in accomplishing something

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Pratinas Meets Ill-Fortune I Probably of the various personages mentioned in the course of our story none was more thoroughly enjoying life about this time than Agias.

whatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

whompronounUS /huːm/

the form of “who” used as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading He let his hair grow long in token of his newly gained liberty; paraded a many-folded toga; and used part of the donatives which Drusus and Fabia had lavished upon him, in buying one or two slave-boys of his own, whom, so far from treating gently on account of his own lately servile position, he cuffed and abused with grim satisfaction at being able to do what had so often been done to him.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Drusus had left him in the city when he started for Ravenna, with general instructions to keep an eye on Lucius Ahenobarbus and Pratinas, and also to gather all he could of the political drift among the lower classes.

Chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis holds 403 sentences, grouped into 81 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar contain?

Chapter 11 holds 403 sentences of A Friend of Cæsar, unabridged, divided into 81 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 403 sentences, grouped into 81 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of A Friend of Cæsar?

Work through the 81 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 81 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar

Common questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Friend of Cæsar?

Yes. All 8054 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Friend of Cæsar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Friend of Cæsar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Friend of Cæsar section by section

How to work through A Friend of Cæsar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 24 chapters of A Friend of Cæsar to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Friend of Cæsar

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Friend of Cæsar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.