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A Friend of Cæsar
A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.
On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.
In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.
And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.
[135] _Optimus maximus_.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 247 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.
Line 2
On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.
Line 3
In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.
Line 4
And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.
/ənd soʊ bɪˈɡæn ðə læst ˈkɑːnsəlʃɪp ʌv ðə friː riˈpʌblək/
Line 5
[135] _Optimus maximus_.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Capitol noun US /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading “In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.”

consuls noun US /ˈkɑːnsəlz/

plural of “consul” — a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country

From this reading “The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.”

consulship noun US /ˈkɑːnsəlʃɪp/

the post of consul

From this reading “And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.”

follies noun US /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading “The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.”

inaugurated verb US /ɪˈnɔːɡəreɪtɪd/

past form of “inaugurate” — commence officially

From this reading “On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.”

invoked verb US /ˌɪnˈvoʊkt/

past form of “invoke” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading “In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.”

Jupiter noun US /ˈdʒuːpətər/

the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading “In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.”

steers noun US /stɪrz/

plural of “steer” — an indication of potential opportunity

From this reading “In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.”

All words in this reading · 70

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

135

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

beganverbUS /bɪˈɡæn/

inflected form of “begin” — take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

BestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

blessingnounUS /ˈblesɪŋ/

the formal act of approving

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

Caius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

Calends

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

CapitolnounUS /ˈkæpɪtəl/

a building occupied by a state legislature

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

Clodius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

comeverbUS /kʌm/

move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

ConsulsnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəlz/

plural of “consul” — a diplomat appointed by a government to protect its commercial interests and help its citizens in a foreign country

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

consulshipnounUS /ˈkɑːnsəlʃɪp/

the post of consul

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

crimesnounUS /kraɪmz/

plural of “crime” — (criminal law) an act punishable by law; usually considered an evil act

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

crisisnounUS /ˈkraɪsəs/

an unstable situation of extreme danger or difficulty

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

crookedadjectiveUS /ˈkrʊkəd/

having or marked by bends or angles; not straight or aligned

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

Crusnoun

the leg from the knee to foot

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

folliesnounUS /ˈfɑːliz/

a revue with elaborate costuming

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

FreeverbUS /friː/

grant freedom to; free from confinement

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

generationnounUS /ˌdʒenərˈeɪʃən/

all the people living at the same time or of approximately the same age

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

GreatestadjectiveUS /ˈɡreɪtəst/

highest in quality

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

inauguratedverbUS /ɪˈnɔːɡəreɪtɪd/

past form of “inaugurate” — commence officially

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

invokedverbUS /ˌɪnˈvoʊkt/

past form of “invoke” — summon into action or bring into existence, often as if by magic

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

JanuarynounUS /ˈdʒænjuːeri/

the first month of the year; begins 10 days after the winter solstice

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

JupiternounUS /ˈdʒuːpətər/

the largest planet and the 5th from the sun; has many satellites and is one of the brightest objects in the night sky

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

lastadjectiveUS /læst/

immediately past

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

Lentulus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

manyadjectiveUS /ˈmeni/

a quantifier that can be used with count nouns and is often preceded by “as” or “too” or “so” or “that”; amounting to a large but indefinite number

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

Marcellus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

maximus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [135] _Optimus maximus_.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

OnprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

Optimus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading [135] _Optimus maximus_.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

priesthoods

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

processionnounUS /prəˈseʃən/

(theology) the origination of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

RepublicnounUS /riˈpʌblək/

a political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

rightadverbUS /raɪt/

precisely, exactly

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

RomanadjectiveUS /ˈroʊmən/

relating to or characteristic of people of Rome

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

sacrificedverbUS /ˈsækrəfaɪst/

past form of “sacrifice” — endure the loss of

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

SenatenounUS /ˈsenət/

assembly possessing high legislative powers

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

setverbUS /set/

put into a certain place or abstract location

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading And so began the last consulship of the Free Republic.

solemnadjectiveUS /ˈsɑːləm/

dignified and somber in manner or character and committed to keeping promises

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

StatenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

steersnounUS /stɪrz/

plural of “steer” — an indication of potential opportunity

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

straightadjectiveUS /streɪt/

successive (without a break)

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

upadjectiveUS /ʌp/

being or moving higher in position or greater in some value; being above a former position or level

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

uponprepositionUS /əˈpɑːn/

a formal word for “on”

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

waysnounUS /weɪz/

structure consisting of a sloping way down to the water from the place where ships are built or repaired

From this reading The New Consuls I It had come--the great crisis that by crooked ways or straight was to set right all the follies and crimes of many a generation.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading On the Calends of January Lentulus Crus and Caius Clodius Marcellus were inaugurated consuls.

whitenounUS /waɪt/

a Caucasian

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading In solemn procession with Senate, priesthoods, and people, they had gone up to the Capitol and sacrificed chosen white steers to Jupiter, "Best and Greatest,"[135] and invoked his blessing upon the Roman State.

Chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis holds 247 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar contain?

Chapter 13 holds 247 sentences of A Friend of Cæsar, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 247 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of A Friend of Cæsar?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar

Common questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Friend of Cæsar?

Yes. All 8054 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Friend of Cæsar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Friend of Cæsar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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Vocabulary met early in A Friend of Cæsar

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Friend of Cæsar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.