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A Friend of Cæsar
A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 547 sentences across 110 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.
The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.
Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.
Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.
The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Friend of Cæsar

Chapter XXIII · Chapter 23

Chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar is here in full — 547 sentences across 110 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/109 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.
Line 2
The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.
Line 3
Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.
Line 4
Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.
Line 5
The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.
/ðə mɑːb hæd bɪn ərˈaʊzd baɪ ˈædʒɪteɪtərz ənˈtɪl ɪt wɑːz ɪn ə muːd tuː raɪz en mæs əˈɡenst ðə ˈroʊmənz ənd dʒɔɪn ɪn dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ ðem/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

agitators noun US /ˈædʒɪteɪtərz/

plural of “agitator” — one who agitates; a political troublemaker

From this reading “The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.”

Battling verb US /ˈbætəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “battle” — battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

From this reading “Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.”

Caesar's noun US /ˈsiːzərz/

possessive form of “caesar” — conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading “Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.”

chariots noun US /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading “Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.”

drugged adjective US /drʌɡd/

under the influence of narcotics

From this reading “The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.”

masse noun US /mæs/

a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball

From this reading “The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.”

mercenary noun US /ˈmɜːrsəneri/

a person hired to fight for another country than their own

From this reading “Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.”

stealthy adjective US /ˈstelθi/

marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

From this reading “Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.”

All words in this reading · 92

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

Achillas's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

admittingverbUS /ædˈmɪtɪŋ/

inflected form of “admit” — declare to be true or admit the existence or reality or truth of

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

advancingadjectiveUS /ədˈvænsɪŋ/

moving forward

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

againstprepositionUS /əˈɡenst/

touching and pressing; in opposition to

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

agitatorsnounUS /ˈædʒɪteɪtərz/

plural of “agitator” — one who agitates; a political troublemaker

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

alarmingadjectiveUS /əˈlɑːrmɪŋ/

frightening because of an awareness of danger

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

AndconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

arousedadjectiveUS /ərˈaʊzd/

aroused to action

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

arrangementnounUS /ərˈeɪndʒmənt/

the thing arranged or agreed to

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

banqueters

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

barbernounUS /ˈbɑːrbər/

United States composer (1910-1981)

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

BattlingverbUS /ˈbætəlɪŋ/

-ing form of “battle” — battle or contend against in or as if in a battle

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

bearingnounUS /ˈberɪŋ/

relevant relation or interconnection

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

Caesar'snounUS /ˈsiːzərz/

possessive form of “caesar” — conqueror of Gaul and master of Italy (100-44 BC)

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

caughtverbUS /kɑːt/

inflected form of “catch” — discover or come upon accidentally, suddenly, or unexpectedly; catch somebody doing something or in a certain state

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

Cerrinius

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

chariotsnounUS /ˈtʃeriəts/

plural of “chariot” — a light four-wheel horse-drawn ceremonial carriage

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

citynounUS /ˈsɪti/

a large and densely populated urban area; may include several independent administrative districts

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

conferencenounUS /ˈkɑːnfərəns/

a prearranged meeting for consultation or exchange of information or discussion (especially one with a formal agenda)

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

coursenounUS /kɔːrs/

education imparted in a series of lessons or meetings

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

declaredadjectiveUS /dɪˈklerd/

made known or openly avowed

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

destroyingverbUS /dɪˈstrɔɪɪŋ/

-ing form of “destroy” — do away with, cause the destruction or undoing of

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

drivingadjectiveUS /ˈdraɪvɪŋ/

having the power of driving or impelling

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

druggedadjectiveUS /drʌɡd/

under the influence of narcotics

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

ennounUS /en/

half the width of an em

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

enclosurenounUS /enˈkloʊʒər/

a structure consisting of an area that has been enclosed for some purpose

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

enterverbUS /ˈentər/

to come or go into

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

eveningnounUS /ˈiːvnɪŋ/

the latter part of the day (the period of decreasing daylight from late afternoon until nightfall)

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

feastnounUS /fiːst/

a ceremonial dinner party for many people

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

gatesnounUS /ɡeɪts/

United States computer entrepreneur whose software company made him the youngest multi-billionaire in the history of the United States (born in 1955)

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

guestsnounUS /ɡests/

plural of “guest” — a visitor to whom hospitality is extended

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

helplessadjectiveUS /ˈhelpləs/

lacking in or deprived of strength or power

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

joinverbUS /dʒɔɪn/

become part of; become a member of a group or organization

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

LifenounUS /laɪf/

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

lightedadjectiveUS /ˈlaɪtəd/

set afire or burning

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

mannounUS /mæn/

an adult person who is male (as opposed to a woman)

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

marchesnounUS /ˈmɑːrtʃɪz/

a region in central Italy

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

massenounUS /mæs/

a shot in billiards made by hitting the cue ball with the cue held nearly vertically; the cue ball spins around another ball before hitting the object ball

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

masternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

mercenarynounUS /ˈmɜːrsəneri/

a person hired to fight for another country than their own

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

mobnounUS /mɑːb/

a disorderly crowd of people

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

moodnounUS /muːd/

a characteristic (habitual or relatively temporary) state of feeling

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

murderverbUS /ˈmɜːrdər/

kill intentionally and with premeditation

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

nothingpronounUS /ˈnʌθɪŋ/

not one thing; not anything

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

onepronounUS /wʌn/

used to mean any person in general, including the speaker

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

palacenounUS /ˈpæləs/

a large and stately mansion

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

Pelusium

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

planningnounUS /ˈplænɪŋ/

an act of formulating a program for a definite course of action

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

plotnounUS /plɑːt/

a secret scheme to do something (especially something underhand or illegal)

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

Pothinus

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

Pratinas

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

retiredadjectiveUS /rɪˈtaɪrd/

no longer active in your work or profession

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

riseverbUS /raɪz/

move upward

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

RomansnounUS /ˈroʊmənz/

a New Testament book containing an exposition of the doctrines of Saint Paul; written in AD 58

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

soldierynoun

soldiers collectively

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

stealthyadjectiveUS /ˈstelθi/

marked by quiet and caution and secrecy; taking pains to avoid being observed

From this reading Achillas's mercenary army was advancing by stealthy marches to enter the city in the course of the evening.

supposedadjectiveUS /səˈpoʊzd/

required or under orders

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

talenounUS /teɪl/

a message that tells the particulars of an act or occurrence or course of events; presented in writing or drama or cinema or as a radio or television program

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

thenadverbUS /ðen/

subsequently or soon afterward (often used as sentence connectors)

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

untilprepositionUS /ənˈtɪl/

up to a particular time

From this reading The mob had been aroused by agitators, until it was in a mood to rise en masse against the Romans, and join in destroying them.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading Pratinas, who had been supposed to be at Pelusium, Cerrinius had caught in retired conference with Pothinus, planning the arrangement of the feast.

winenounUS /waɪn/

fermented juice (of grapes especially)

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Battling for Life And then it was,--with the chariots bearing the guests almost driving in at the gates of the palace,--that Cerrinius, Caesar's barber, came before his master with an alarming tale.

worthyadjectiveUS /ˈwɜːr.ði/

Having or showing the qualities or abilities that merit recognition in character or magic.

From this reading The worthy man declared that he had lighted on nothing less than a plot to murder the Romans, one and all, by admitting Achillas's soldiery to the palace enclosure, while all the banqueters were helpless with drugged wine.

Chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis holds 547 sentences, grouped into 110 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar contain?

Chapter 23 holds 547 sentences of A Friend of Cæsar, unabridged, divided into 110 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 547 sentences, grouped into 110 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 23 of A Friend of Cæsar?

Work through the 110 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 110 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 23 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 23 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar

Common questions about reading A Friend of Cæsar by William Stearns Davis on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Friend of Cæsar?

Yes. All 8054 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #15694 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Friend of Cæsar is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #15694, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Friend of Cæsar take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1611 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Friend of Cæsar section by section

How to work through A Friend of Cæsar section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

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    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Friend of Cæsar

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Friend of Cæsar, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Early
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Morning
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Streets
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Below
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Friend of Cæsar; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.