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A German Pompadour
A German Pompadour

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A German Pompadour is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/49 · 5 lines
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THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.
Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.
It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.
Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.
He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A German Pompadour

Chapter XI · Chapter 11

Chapter 11 of A German Pompadour is here in full — 246 sentences across 50 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/49 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.
Line 2
Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.
Line 3
It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.
Line 4
Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.
Line 5
He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

commanders noun US /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading “Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.”

devastated verb US /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/

past form of “devastate” — cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading “Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.”

geniuses noun US /ˈdʒiːnjəsɪz/

plural of “genius” — someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading “THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.”

overrun verb US /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading “It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.”

plundered adjective US /ˈplʌndərd/

wrongfully emptied or stripped of anything of value

From this reading “Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.”

ravage noun US /ˈrævɪdʒ/

(usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading “It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.”

tactician noun US /tækˈtɪʃən/

a person who is skilled at planning tactics

From this reading “Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.”

verve noun US /vɜːrv/

an energetic style

From this reading “Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.”

All words in this reading · 91

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1707

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

actualadjectiveUS /ˈæktʃəwəl/

presently existing in fact and not merely potential or possible

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

alongprepositionUS /əˈlɔːŋ/

following the length of something from one end toward the other

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

armynounUS /ˈɑːrmi/

a permanent organization of the military land forces of a nation or state

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

avoidingverbUS /əˈvɔɪdɪŋ/

-ing form of “avoid” — stay clear from; keep away from; keep out of the way of someone or something

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

briefadjectiveUS /briːf/

of short duration or distance

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

brilliantadjectiveUS /ˈbrɪljənt/

of surpassing excellence

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

centurynounUS /ˈsentʃəri/

a period of 100 years

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

characteriseverb

be characteristic of

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

combatnounUS /ˈkɑːmbæt/

an engagement fought between two military forces

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

commandersnounUS /kəˈmændərz/

plural of “commander” — an officer in command of a military unit

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

Conde

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

conductedverbUS /kənˈdʌktəd/

past form of “conduct” — direct the course of; manage or control

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

countrynounUS /ˈkʌntri/

a politically organized body of people under a single government

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

dashverbUS /dæʃ/

run or move very quickly or hastily

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

DEnounUS /diː/

a Mid-Atlantic state; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

defendingadjectiveUS /dɪˈfendɪŋ/

attempting to or designed to prevent an opponent from winning or scoring

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

devastatedverbUS /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/

past form of “devastate” — cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

DUC

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

epochnounUS /ˈepək/

a period marked by distinctive character or reckoned from a fixed point or event

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

essentiallyadverbUS /eˈsenʃəli/

in essence; at bottom or by one's (or its) very nature

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

EugenenounUS /juːˈdʒiːn/

Austrian general in the service of the Holy Roman Empire during the War of the Spanish Succession (1663-1736)

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

exploitsnounUS /ˈeksplɔɪts/

plural of “exploit” — a notable achievement

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

faminenounUS /ˈfæmən/

an acute insufficiency

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

geniusesnounUS /ˈdʒiːnjəsɪz/

plural of “genius” — someone who has exceptional intellectual ability and originality

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

ghastlyadjectiveUS /ˈɡæstli/

shockingly repellent; inspiring horror

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

hepronounUS /hiː/

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

heronounUS /ˈhɪroʊ/

a man distinguished by exceptional courage and nobility and strength

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

himpronounUS /hɪm/

the male already mentioned, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

hisdeterminerUS /hɪz/

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

impotentlyadverb

in a helpless manner

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

invadedverbUS /ˌɪnˈveɪdəd/

past form of “invade” — march aggressively into another's territory by military force for the purposes of conquest and occupation

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

invasionnounUS /ˌɪnˈveɪʒən/

the act of invading; the act of an army that invades for conquest or plunder

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

ItpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

judgedverbUS /dʒʌdʒd/

past form of “judge” — determine the result of (a competition)

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

lackedverbUS /lækt/

past form of “lack” — be without

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

landnounUS /lænd/

the land on which real estate is located

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

LEnounUS /lə/

a chronic inflammatory collagen disease affecting connective tissue (skin or joints)

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

linesnounUS /laɪnz/

plural of “line” — a formation of people or things one beside another

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

lossnounUS /lɔːs/

something that is lost

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

MARECHAL

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

Marlborough

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

MARRIAGEnounUS /ˈmerɪdʒ/

the state of being a married couple voluntarily joined for life (or until divorce)

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

militaryadjectiveUS /ˈmɪləteri/

of or relating to the study of the principles of warfare

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

MOCKverbUS /mɑːk/

treat with contempt

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

nodeterminerUS /noʊ/

not any; not one

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

overrunverbUS /ˈoʊvərrʌn/

invade in great numbers

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

passedverbUS /pæst/

past form of “pass” — go across or through

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

plunderedadjectiveUS /ˈplʌndərd/

wrongfully emptied or stripped of anything of value

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

pursuednounUS /pərˈsuːd/

a person who is being chased

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

ravagenounUS /ˈrævɪdʒ/

(usually plural) a destructive action

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

SavoynounUS /səˈvɔɪ/

a geographical region of historical importance; a former duchy in what is now southwestern France, western Switzerland, and northwestern Italy

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

seenverbUS /siːn/

inflected form of “see” — perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

skilfullyadverb

with skill

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

spreadverbUS /spred/

distribute or disperse widely

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

standardadjectiveUS /ˈstændərd/

conforming to or constituting a standard of measurement or value; or of the usual or regularized or accepted kind

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

systemnounUS /ˈsɪstəm/

instrumentality that combines interrelated interacting artifacts designed to work as a coherent entity

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

tacticiannounUS /tækˈtɪʃən/

a person who is skilled at planning tactics

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

thesedeterminerUS /ðiːz/

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

ThusadverbUS /ðʌs/

(used to introduce a logical conclusion) from that fact or reason or as a result

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

trailnounUS /treɪl/

a track or mark left by something that has passed

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

troopsnounUS /truːps/

soldiers collectively

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

Turenne

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

usefuladjectiveUS /ˈjuːsfəl/

being of use or service

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

vervenounUS /vɜːrv/

an energetic style

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

victoriousadjectiveUS /vɪkˈtɔːriəs/

having won

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

VILLARS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

whereverconjunctionUS /weˈrevər/

in or to any place at all

From this reading Thus Villars, with no loss to his troops, spread famine through the land, for he plundered and devastated wherever he passed.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading THE MOCK MARRIAGE MARECHAL LE DUC DE VILLARS was no brilliant, victorious hero, judged by the standard of a century which had seen such military geniuses as Turenne, as the great Conde, as Marlborough and Eugene of Savoy.

wilyadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪli/

marked by skill in deception

From this reading Villars was essentially a wily tactician, and his exploits were useful, but he lacked the dash, the verve which characterise the great commanders of that epoch.

Wirtemberg

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He conducted the brief invasion of Wirtemberg in 1707 on these lines.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading It was his system to overrun an invaded country, skilfully avoiding actual combat with the defending army, which pursued him impotently along the ghastly trail of ravage.

Chapter 11 of A German Pompadour by Marie, Hon. (Agnes Blanche Marie) Hay holds 246 sentences, grouped into 50 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 11 of A German Pompadour contain?

Chapter 11 holds 246 sentences of A German Pompadour, unabridged, divided into 50 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 11 of A German Pompadour by Marie, Hon. (Agnes Blanche Marie) Hay exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 246 sentences, grouped into 50 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 11 of A German Pompadour?

Work through the 50 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 50 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 11 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 11 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A German Pompadour

Common questions about reading A German Pompadour by Marie, Hon. (Agnes Blanche Marie) Hay on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A German Pompadour?

Yes. All 6556 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #25758 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A German Pompadour is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #25758, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A German Pompadour take to read?

About 546 minutes of reading across 1312 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A German Pompadour section by section

How to work through A German Pompadour section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 22 chapters of A German Pompadour to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A German Pompadour

Words and structures a reader meets early in A German Pompadour, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Edinburgh
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A German Pompadour; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Constable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A German Pompadour; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Printers
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A German Pompadour; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Majesty
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A German Pompadour; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.