Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A Girl's Ride in Iceland
A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Girl's Ride in Iceland
Context Illustration Reading 1/22 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THINGVALLA.
Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.
We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.
Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.
This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Chapter X · Chapter 10

Chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is here in full — 110 sentences across 22 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/22 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THINGVALLA.
Line 2
Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.
Line 3
We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.
Line 4
Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.
/weˈnevər ɪt maɪt hæv bɪn ðæt ðə vɑːlˈkænɪk ˌiːˈrʌpʃən wɪtʃ hæd ˈʃɪvərd ðə rɑːks ˈɪntuː ðer ˈprezənt ˈfɪʃərd kənˈdɪʃən hæd əˈkɜːrd ɪt hæd left ðɪs spɑːt soʊ sərˈaʊndɪd baɪ diːp ˈkrevəsɪz æz tuː ˈrendər ɪt ˌɪmˈpreɡnəbəl seɪv baɪ ðə ruːd ˈkɑːzweɪ wɪtʃ kəˈnektɪd ɪt wɪð ðə ɪkˈstɪriər ˈlevəl/
Line 5
This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

causeway verb US /ˈkɑːzweɪ/

provide with a causeway

From this reading “We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.”

eruption noun US /ˌiːˈrʌpʃən/

the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading “Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.”

fissured verb US /ˈfɪʃərd/

past form of “fissure” — break into fissures or fine cracks

From this reading “Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.”

founders noun US /ˈfaʊndərz/

plural of “founder” — inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading “This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.”

Icelandic noun US /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading “This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.”

impregnable adjective US /ˌɪmˈpreɡnəbəl/

immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with

From this reading “Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.”

islet noun US /ˈaɪlɪt/

a small island

From this reading “We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.”

Norse noun US /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading “Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.”

All words in this reading · 103

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

acknowledgedadjectiveUS /ækˈnɑːlɪdʒd/

recognized or made known or admitted

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

affairsnounUS /əˈferz/

matters of personal concern

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

Almannagja

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

alreadyadverbUS /ɔːlˈredi/

prior to a specified or implied time

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

associatedverbUS /əˈsoʊsieɪtɪd/

past form of “associate” — make a logical or causal connection

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

beautynounUS /ˈbjuːti/

the qualities that give pleasure to the senses

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

betweenprepositionUS /bɪˈtwiːn/

in the space, time, or range separating two things

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

causewayverbUS /ˈkɑːzweɪ/

provide with a causeway

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

chiefsnounUS /tʃiːfs/

plural of “chief” — a person who is in charge

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

chosennounUS /ˈtʃoʊzən/

one who is the object of choice; who is given preference

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

clovenadjective

(used of hooves) split, divided

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

conditionnounUS /kənˈdɪʃən/

a state at a particular time

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

connectedadjectiveUS /kəˈnektɪd/

being joined in close association

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

crevicesnounUS /ˈkrevəsɪz/

plural of “crevice” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

curiositiesnounUS /ˌkjʊriˈɑːsətiz/

plural of “curiosity” — a state in which you want to learn more about something

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

deepadjectiveUS /diːp/

relatively deep or strong; affecting one deeply

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

descendedverbUS /dɪˈsendəd/

past form of “descend” — move downward and lower, but not necessarily all the way

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

deservesverbUS /dɪˈzɜːrvz/

third-person singular of “deserve” — be worthy or deserving

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

despotismnounUS /ˈdespətɪzəm/

dominance through threat of punishment and violence

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

earlyadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrli/

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

eruptionnounUS /ˌiːˈrʌpʃən/

the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

exteriornounUS /ɪkˈstɪriər/

the region that is outside of something

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

feudaladjectiveUS /ˈfjuːdəl/

of or relating to or characteristic of feudalism

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

firstadjectiveUS /fɜːrst/

preceding all others in time or space or degree

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

fissuredverbUS /ˈfɪʃərd/

past form of “fissure” — break into fissures or fine cracks

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

foundersnounUS /ˈfaʊndərz/

plural of “founder” — inflammation of the laminated tissue that attaches the hoof to the foot of a horse

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

givenadjectiveUS /ˈɡɪvən/

acknowledged as a supposition

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

goneadjectiveUS /ɡɔːn/

destroyed or killed

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

governmentnounUS /ˈɡʌvərmənt/

the organization that is the governing authority of a political unit

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

halting-places

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

hereadverbUS /hiːr/

in or at this place; where the speaker or writer is

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

historynounUS /ˈhɪstəri/

the aggregate of past events

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

IcelandicnounUS /aɪˈslændɪk/

a Scandinavian language that is the official language of Iceland

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

impregnableadjectiveUS /ˌɪmˈpreɡnəbəl/

immune to attack; incapable of being tampered with

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

IndependentlyadverbUS /ˌɪndɪˈpendəntli/

on your own; without outside help

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

IslandnounUS /ˈaɪlənd/

a land mass (smaller than a continent) that is surrounded by water

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

isletnounUS /ˈaɪlɪt/

a small island

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

lawsnounUS /lɔːz/

the first of three divisions of the Hebrew Scriptures comprising the first five books of the Hebrew Bible considered as a unit

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

leftnounUS /left/

location near or direction toward the left side; i.e. the side to the north when a person or object faces east

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

levelnounUS /ˈlevəl/

a position on a scale of intensity or amount or quality

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

longeradverbUS /ˈlɔːŋɡər/

for more time

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

metverbUS /met/

inflected form of “meet” — come together

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

mightmodal verbUS /maɪt/

used to say something is possible but not certain

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

narrowverbUS /ˈneroʊ/

make or become more narrow or restricted

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

naturaladjectiveUS /ˈnætʃərəl/

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

NorsenounUS /nɔːrs/

an inhabitant of Scandinavia

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

noticenounUS /ˈnoʊtəs/

an announcement containing information about an event

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

occurredverbUS /əˈkɜːrd/

inflected form of “occur” — come to pass

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

onlyadverbUS /ˈoʊnli/

and nothing more

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

ourdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

parliamentnounUS /ˈpɑːrləmənt/

a legislative assembly in certain countries

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

peoplenounUS /ˈpiːpəl/

(plural) any group of human beings (men or women or children) collectively

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

plainadjectiveUS /pleɪn/

clearly revealed to the mind or the senses or judgment

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

presentverbUS /ˈprezənt/

give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

reachedverbUS /riːtʃt/

past form of “reach” — reach a destination, either real or abstract

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

recordedadjectiveUS /rəˈkɔːrdɪd/

set down or registered in a permanent form especially on film or tape for reproduction

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

regulateverbUS /ˈreɡjəleɪt/

fix or adjust the time, amount, degree, or rate of

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

rockyadjectiveUS /ˈrɑːki/

abounding in rocks or stones

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

rudeadjectiveUS /ruːd/

socially incorrect in behavior

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

shiveredverbUS /ˈʃɪvərd/

past form of “shiver” — tremble convulsively, as from fear or excitement

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

sittings

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading This plain was, as already recorded, chosen by the founders of the first Icelandic parliament for their sittings.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

spotnounUS /spɑːt/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

steepadjectiveUS /stiːp/

having a sharp inclination

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

surroundedadjectiveUS /sərˈaʊndɪd/

confined on all sides

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

THINGVALLA

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THINGVALLA.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

timesnounUS /taɪmz/

a more or less definite period of time now or previously present

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

volcanicadjectiveUS /vɑːlˈkænɪk/

relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

WepronounUS /wiː/

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

whenconjunctionUS /wen/

at the time that

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

WheneverconjunctionUS /weˈnevər/

at any time that; every time that

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

whereconjunctionUS /wer/

in or at the place that

From this reading We had descended into the 'Almannagja' by a steep rocky causeway made between cloven rocks, and reached the narrow islet where, in times gone by, when feudal despotism was the only government acknowledged, the chiefs of the Island met to regulate the affairs of state.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading Whenever it might have been that the volcanic eruption which had shivered the rocks into their present fissured condition had occurred, it had left this spot so surrounded by deep crevices as to render it impregnable, save by the rude causeway which connected it with the exterior level.

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading Independently of the beauty and natural curiosities of the spot, Thingvalla is so associated with the early history of the Norse people, its government and its laws, that it deserves a longer notice here than has been given to any other of our halting-places.

Chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie holds 110 sentences, grouped into 22 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland contain?

Chapter 10 holds 110 sentences of A Girl's Ride in Iceland, unabridged, divided into 22 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 110 sentences, grouped into 22 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 10 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland?

Work through the 22 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 22 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 10 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 10 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Common questions about reading A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Girl's Ride in Iceland?

Yes. All 1680 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26006 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26006, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Girl's Ride in Iceland take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 336 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Girl's Ride in Iceland section by section

How to work through A Girl's Ride in Iceland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 13 chapters of A Girl's Ride in Iceland to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Girl's Ride in Iceland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Girl's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Iceland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tweedie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.