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A Girl's Ride in Iceland
A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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VOLCANOES.
In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.
Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.
Hence the omission.
I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Chapter XIII · Chapter 13

Chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is here in full — 255 sentences across 51 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/51 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
VOLCANOES.
/vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊz/
Line 2
In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.
Line 3
Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.
/ˈaʊər trɪp tuː ˈaɪslənd wɑːz ˌhaʊˈevər ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli soʊ ˈlɪmətəd ɪn ˈdʊˈreɪʃən æz tuː prɪˈkluːd seɪv ɪn ˈaʊər fɔːr deɪz raɪd tuː ðə ɡreɪt ˈɡaɪzər trækt ˈeni ɪkˈstenʃən ʌv ˈtrævəl ɪn ðə ˈveriəs vɑːlˈkænɪk ˈriːdʒənz/
Line 4
Hence the omission.
/hens ðə oʊˈmɪʃən/
Line 5
I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

devastated verb US /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/

past form of “devastate” — cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading “In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.”

disrupted adjective US /dɪsˈrʌptɪd/

marked by breaks or gaps

From this reading “In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.”

eruptions noun US /ˌiːˈrʌpʃənz/

plural of “eruption” — the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading “I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.”

fissures noun US /ˈfɪʃərz/

plural of “fissure” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading “In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.”

Geology noun US /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading “I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.”

Geyser verb US /ˈɡaɪzər/

to overflow like a geyser

From this reading “Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.”

preclude verb US /prɪˈkluːd/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading “Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.”

volcanoes noun US /vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊz/

plural of “volcano” — a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

From this reading “VOLCANOES.”

All words in this reading · 104

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

allusionnounUS /əˈluːʒən/

passing reference or indirect mention

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

anyadjectiveUS /ˈeni/

one or some or every or all without specification

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

availableadjectiveUS /əˈveɪləbəl/

obtainable or accessible and ready for use or service

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

beenauxiliary verbUS /bɪn/

the past participle of “be”

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

booksnounUS /bʊks/

Bound written or printed works.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

burstingverbUS /ˈbɜːrstɪŋ/

-ing form of “burst” — come open suddenly and violently, as if from internal pressure

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

cavernsnounUS /ˈkævərnz/

plural of “cavern” — any large dark enclosed space

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

ChambersnounUS /ˈtʃeɪmbərz/

English architect (1723-1796)

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

chaosnounUS /ˈkeɪɑːs/

a state of extreme confusion and disorder

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

characteristicnounUS /ˌkerəktərˈɪstɪk/

a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

chasms

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

Cyclopædia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

datanounUS /ˈdeɪtə/

a collection of facts from which conclusions may be drawn

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

daysnounUS /deɪz/

the time during which someone's life continues

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

devastatedverbUS /ˈdevəsteɪtɪd/

past form of “devastate” — cause extensive destruction or ruin utterly

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

disruptedadjectiveUS /dɪsˈrʌptɪd/

marked by breaks or gaps

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

durationnounUS /ˈdʊˈreɪʃən/

the period of time during which something continues

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

Encyclopædia

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

eruptionsnounUS /ˌiːˈrʌpʃənz/

plural of “eruption” — the sudden occurrence of a violent discharge of steam and volcanic material

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

extensionnounUS /ɪkˈstenʃən/

a mutually agreed delay in the date set for the completion of a job or payment of a debt

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

extractedverbUS /ekˈstræktɪd/

past form of “extract” — remove, usually with some force or effort; also used in an abstract sense

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

fissuresnounUS /ˈfɪʃərz/

plural of “fissure” — a long narrow depression in a surface

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

floodsnounUS /flʌdz/

plural of “flood” — the rising of a body of water and its overflowing onto normally dry land

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

followingadjectiveUS /ˈfɑːloʊɪŋ/

about to be mentioned or specified

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

FootnotenounUS /ˈfʊtnoʊt/

a printed note placed below the text on a printed page

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

foregoingadjectiveUS /fɔːrˈɡoʊɪŋ/

especially of writing or speech; going before

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

forthadverbUS /fɔːrθ/

from a particular thing or place or position (“forth” is obsolete)

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

fromprepositionUS /frʌm/

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

furiousadjectiveUS /ˈfjʊriəs/

marked by extreme and violent energy

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

GeographynounUS /dʒiˈɑːɡrəfi/

study of the earth's surface; includes people's responses to topography and climate and soil and vegetation

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

GeologynounUS /dʒiˈɑːlədʒi/

a science that deals with the history of the earth as recorded in rocks

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

GeorgenounUS /dʒɔːrdʒ/

Christian martyr; patron saint of England; hero of the legend of Saint George and the Dragon in which he slew a dragon and saved a princess (?-303)

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

GeyserverbUS /ˈɡaɪzər/

to overflow like a geyser

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

GreatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

GuidenounUS /ɡaɪd/

someone employed to conduct others

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

hardlyadverbUS /ˈhɑːrdli/

only a very short time before

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

hasauxiliary verbUS /hæz/

the form of “have” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

haveauxiliary verbUS /hæv/

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

HenceadverbUS /hens/

for this reason

From this reading Hence the omission.

howeveradverbUS /ˌhaʊˈevər/

used to add a contrasting statement

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

IpronounUS /aɪ/

the person speaking or writing, as the subject of the verb

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

IcelandnounUS /ˈaɪslənd/

an island republic on the island of Iceland; became independent of Denmark in 1944

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

InprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

lavanounUS /ˈlɑːvə/

rock that in its molten form (as magma) issues from volcanos; lava is what magma is called when it reaches the surface

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

leavingnounUS /ˈliːvɪŋ/

the act of departing

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

limitedadjectiveUS /ˈlɪmətəd/

small in range or scope

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

Lock's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

Lyell's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

madeadjectiveUS /meɪd/

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

maymodal verbUS /meɪ/

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

mepronounUS /miː/

the person speaking, as the object of a verb or preposition

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

moltenadjectiveUS /ˈmoʊltən/

reduced to liquid form by heating

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

MrnounUS /ˈmɪstər/

a form of address for a man

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

MrsnounUS /ˈmɪsɪz/

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

numerousadjectiveUS /ˈnuːmərəs/

amounting to a large indefinite number

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

omissionnounUS /oʊˈmɪʃən/

a mistake resulting from neglect

From this reading Hence the omission.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

OurdeterminerUS /ˈaʊər/

belonging to the speaker and others

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

pagesnounUS /ˈpeɪdʒəz/

plural of “page” — one side of one leaf (of a book or magazine or newspaper or letter etc.) or the written or pictorial matter it contains

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

PhysicaladjectiveUS /ˈfɪzɪkəl/

involving the body as distinguished from the mind or spirit

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

precludeverbUS /prɪˈkluːd/

keep from happening or arising; make impossible

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

principalnounUS /ˈprɪnsəpəl/

the original amount of a debt on which interest is calculated

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

Ree's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

referencenounUS /ˈrefərəns/

a remark that calls attention to something or someone

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

regionsnounUS /ˈriːdʒənz/

plural of “region” — the extended spatial location of something

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

relativenounUS /ˈrelətɪv/

a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

rideverbUS /raɪd/

sit and travel on the back of animal, usually while controlling its motions

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

rocksnounUS /rɑːks/

plural of “rock” — a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

saveprepositionUS /seɪv/

except for; apart from

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

seemverbUS /siːm/

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

soconjunctionUS /soʊ/

for that reason; with the result that

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

Somerville's

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

specialadjectiveUS /ˈspeʃəl/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

strangeadjectiveUS /streɪndʒ/

being definitely out of the ordinary and unexpected; slightly odd or even a bit weird

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

streamsnounUS /striːmz/

plural of “stream” — a natural body of running water flowing on or under the earth

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

structurenounUS /ˈstrʌktʃər/

a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

subterraneanadjectiveUS /ˌsʌb.təˈreɪ.ni.ən/

Existing, occurring, or done under the earth's surface.

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

surfacenounUS /ˈsɜːrfəs/

the outer boundary of an artifact or a material layer constituting or resembling such a boundary

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

thedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

thereforeadverbUS /ˈðerfɔːr/

for that reason; as a result

From this reading I have therefore extracted the following data relative to its principal volcanoes and their eruptions from such books of reference [Footnote: Mrs Somerville's 'Physical Geography;' Chambers' 'Encyclopædia;' Ree's 'Cyclopædia;' Lyell's 'Geology;' Mr George Lock's 'Guide to Iceland.'] as have been available to me.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

tracknounUS /træk/

a line or route along which something travels or moves

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

tractnounUS /trækt/

an extended area of land

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

travelverbUS /ˈtrævəl/

change location; move, travel, or proceed, also metaphorically

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

tripnounUS /trɪp/

a journey for some purpose (usually including the return)

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

unfortunatelyadverbUS /ənˈfɔːrtʃənətli/

by bad luck

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

variousadjectiveUS /ˈveriəs/

of many different kinds purposefully arranged but lacking any uniformity

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

vastadjectiveUS /væst/

unusually great in size or amount or degree or especially extent or scope

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

viz

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

volcanicadjectiveUS /vɑːlˈkænɪk/

relating to or produced by or consisting of volcanoes

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

VOLCANOESnounUS /vɑːlˈkeɪnoʊz/

plural of “volcano” — a fissure in the earth's crust (or in the surface of some other planet) through which molten lava and gases erupt

From this reading VOLCANOES.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading Our trip to Iceland was, however, unfortunately so limited in duration as to preclude, save in our four days' ride to the Great Geyser tract, any extension of travel in the various volcanic regions.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading In the foregoing pages it may seem strange that hardly any allusion has been made to the special characteristic of Iceland, viz., its volcanic structure, or to the numerous lava floods which, bursting forth in furious molten streams, have from time to time devastated its surface, leaving in their track a chaos of disrupted rocks, chasms, vast fissures, and subterranean caverns.

Chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie holds 255 sentences, grouped into 51 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland contain?

Chapter 13 holds 255 sentences of A Girl's Ride in Iceland, unabridged, divided into 51 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 255 sentences, grouped into 51 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of A Girl's Ride in Iceland?

Work through the 51 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 51 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Common questions about reading A Girl's Ride in Iceland by Mrs. (Ethel) Alec-Tweedie on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Girl's Ride in Iceland?

Yes. All 1680 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #26006 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Girl's Ride in Iceland is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #26006, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Girl's Ride in Iceland take to read?

About 140 minutes of reading across 336 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

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How to work through A Girl's Ride in Iceland section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

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Vocabulary met early in A Girl's Ride in Iceland

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Girl's Ride in Iceland, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Girl's
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Iceland
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Tweedie
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Harley
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Girl's Ride in Iceland; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.