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A Grandmother's Recollections
A Grandmother's Recollections

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A Grandmother's Recollections
Context Illustration Reading 1/11 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.
For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!
Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?
What will your grandmother say to that!"
The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.
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AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A Grandmother's Recollections

Chapter I · Chapter 1

Chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections is here in full — 56 sentences across 12 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/11 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.
Line 2
For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!
Line 3
Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?
Line 4
What will your grandmother say to that!"
/wʌt wɪl jɔːr ˈɡrændmʌðər seɪ tuː ðæt/
Line 5
The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.
/ðə ˈnɜːrsəri wɑːz ɪn ə steɪt ʌv ˈʌprɔːr ɑːn ðə deɪ ʌv maɪ ˈvenərəbəl ˈrelətɪvz ərˈaɪvəl fɔːr ðə ˈtʃɪldrən ˈɔːlmoʊst ɪkˈspektəd tuː siː ɪn ðer ˈɡrændmʌðər æn ˈoʊɡrəs boʊθ ɪn ˈfiːtʃərz ənd ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

aired adjective US /erd/

open to or abounding in fresh air

From this reading “The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.”

arbitrary adjective US /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading “The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.”

broom noun US /bruːm/

a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle

From this reading “The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.”

duster noun US /ˈdʌstər/

a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand

From this reading “The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.”

moreen noun US /mɔːˈriːn/

a heavy fabric of wool (or wool and cotton) used mostly in upholstery or for curtains

From this reading “The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.”

ogress noun US /ˈoʊɡrəs/

(folklore) a female ogre

From this reading “The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.”

refractory adjective US /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading “For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!”

relative's noun US /ˈrelətɪvz/

possessive form of “relative” — a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading “The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.”

All words in this reading · 100

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

airedadjectiveUS /erd/

open to or abounding in fresh air

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

allowverbUS /əˈlaʊ/

make it possible through a specific action or lack of action for something to happen

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

almostadverbUS /ˈɔːlmoʊst/

(of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished; all but

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

alwaysadverbUS /ˈɔːlweɪz/

at all times; all the time and on every occasion

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

andeterminerUS /æn/

the form of “a” used before a word that begins with a vowel sound

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

annoyancenounUS /əˈnɔɪəns/

the psychological state of being irritated or annoyed

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

arbitraryadjectiveUS /ˈɑːrbətreri/

based on or subject to individual discretion or preference or sometimes impulse or caprice

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

Aren't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

armedadjectiveUS /ɑːrmd/

(used of persons or the military) characterized by having or bearing arms

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

arrivalnounUS /ərˈaɪvəl/

accomplishment of an objective

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

ashamedadjectiveUS /əˈʃeɪmd/

feeling shame or guilt or embarrassment or remorse

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

bed-chamber

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

behaveverbUS /bɪˈheɪv/

behave in a certain manner; show a certain behavior; conduct or comport oneself

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

beingauxiliary verbUS /ˈbiːɪŋ/

the -ing form of “be”

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

bestnounUS /best/

the supreme effort one can make

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

broomnounUS /bruːm/

a cleaning implement for sweeping; bundle of straws or twigs attached to a long handle

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

brothersnounUS /ˈbrʌðərz/

plural of “brother” — a male with the same parents as someone else

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

causedverbUS /kɑːzd/

past form of “cause” — give rise to; cause to happen or occur, not always intentionally

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

childrennounUS /ˈtʃɪldrən/

plural of “child” — a young person of either sex

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

ClarencenounUS /ˈklerəns/

a closed carriage with four wheels and seats for four passengers

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

convenientadjectiveUS /kənˈviːnjənt/

suited to your comfort or purpose or needs

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

crimsonadjectiveUS /ˈkrɪmzən/

of a color at the end of the color spectrum (next to orange); resembling the color of blood or cherries or tomatoes or rubies

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

damsels

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

daynounUS /deɪ/

time for Earth to make a complete rotation on its axis

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

dispositionnounUS /ˌdɪspəˈzɪʃən/

your usual mood

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

doingsnounUS /ˈduːɪŋz/

manner of acting or controlling yourself

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

dusternounUS /ˈdʌstər/

a windstorm that lifts up clouds of dust or sand

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

eightadjectiveUS /eɪt/

being one more than seven

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

endeavoredverbUS /ɪnˈdevərd/

past form of “endeavor” — attempt by employing effort

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

expectedadjectiveUS /ɪkˈspektəd/

considered likely or probable to happen or arrive

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

featuresnounUS /ˈfiːtʃərz/

plural of “feature” — a prominent attribute or aspect of something

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

Fie

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

grandmothernounUS /ˈɡrændmʌðər/

the mother of your father or mother

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

greatadjectiveUS /ɡreɪt/

relatively large in size or number or extent; larger than others of its kind

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

hangingsnounUS /ˈhæŋɡɪŋz/

plural of “hanging” — decoration that is hung (as a tapestry) on a wall or over a window

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

I'll

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

industriousadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈdʌstriəs/

characterized by hard work and perseverance

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

invariablyadverbUS /ˌɪnˈveriəbli/

without variation or change, in every case

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

itsdeterminerUS /ɪts/

belonging to the thing or animal already mentioned

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

littleadjectiveUS /ˈlɪtəl/

limited or below average in number or quantity or magnitude or extent

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

makeverbUS /meɪk/

engage in

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

MasternounUS /ˈmæstər/

an artist of consummate skill

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

Matilda

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

MissverbUS /mɪs/

fail to perceive or to catch with the senses or the mind

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

moreennounUS /mɔːˈriːn/

a heavy fabric of wool (or wool and cotton) used mostly in upholstery or for curtains

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

mydeterminerUS /maɪ/

belonging to the person speaking

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

nurserynounUS /ˈnɜːrsəri/

a child's room for a baby

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

nursery-maids

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

ogressnounUS /ˈoʊɡrəs/

(folklore) a female ogre

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

openedadjectiveUS /ˈoʊpənd/

used of mouth or eyes

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

orconjunctionUS /ɔːr/

used to join alternatives or possibilities

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

overprepositionUS /ˈoʊvər/

above and across; more than

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

pastnounUS /pæst/

the time that has elapsed

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

performancenounUS /pərˈfɔːrməns/

a dramatic or musical entertainment

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

placenounUS /pleɪs/

a point located with respect to surface features of some region

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

positionsnounUS /pəˈzɪʃənz/

plural of “position” — the particular portion of space occupied by something

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

refractoryadjectiveUS /rəˈfræktəri/

not responding to treatment

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

reignverbUS /reɪn/

have sovereign power

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

relative'snounUS /ˈrelətɪvz/

possessive form of “relative” — a person related by blood or marriage

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

renderverbUS /ˈrendər/

cause to become

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

sayverbUS /seɪ/

express in words

From this reading What will your grandmother say to that!"

seeverbUS /siː/

perceive by sight or have the power to perceive by sight

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

shepronounUS /ʃiː/

a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

shortadjectiveUS /ʃɔːrt/

primarily temporal sense; indicating or being or seeming to be limited in duration

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

silencedadjectiveUS /ˈsaɪlənst/

reduced to silence

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

sistersnounUS /ˈsɪstərz/

plural of “sister” — a female person who has the same parents as another person

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

someadjectiveUS /sʌm/

(quantifier) used with either mass nouns or plural count nouns to indicate an unspecified number or quantity

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

statenounUS /steɪt/

the territory occupied by one of the constituent administrative districts of a nation

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

stumbledverbUS /ˈstʌmbəld/

past form of “stumble” — walk unsteadily

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

suchdeterminerUS /sʌtʃ/

of the kind already mentioned

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading What will your grandmother say to that!"

ThedeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

themselvespronounUS /ðemˈselvz/

used when the people doing the action are also its object

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

timenounUS /taɪm/

an instance or single occasion for some event

From this reading For some time past, the nursery-maids had invariably silenced refractory children with "Fie, Miss Matilda!

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

uproarnounUS /ˈʌprɔːr/

a state of commotion and noise and confusion

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

venerableadjectiveUS /ˈvenərəbəl/

impressive by reason of age

From this reading The nursery was in a state of uproar on the day of my venerable relative's arrival; for the children almost expected to see, in their grandmother, an ogress, both in features and disposition.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

WhatpronounUS /wʌt/

used to ask for information about something

From this reading What will your grandmother say to that!"

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

whopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

willmodal verbUS /wɪl/

used to talk about the future, or about willingness

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

withprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading The best bed-chamber, with its hangings of crimson moreen, was opened and aired--a performance which always caused my eight little brothers and sisters to place themselves in convenient positions for being stumbled over, to the great annoyance of industrious damsels, who, armed with broom and duster, endeavored to render their reign as arbitrary as it was short.

won't

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

youpronounUS /juː/

the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

YourdeterminerUS /jɔːr/

belonging to the person or people being spoken to

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

yourselfpronounUS /jərˈself/

used when the person spoken to is also the object of the action

From this reading Your grandmother will make you behave yourself--_she_ won't allow such doings, I'll be bound!" or "Aren't you ashamed of yourself, Master Clarence?

Chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections by Ella Rodman Church holds 56 sentences, grouped into 12 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections contain?

Chapter 1 holds 56 sentences of A Grandmother's Recollections, unabridged, divided into 12 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections by Ella Rodman Church exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 56 sentences, grouped into 12 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 1 of A Grandmother's Recollections?

Work through the 12 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 12 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 1 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 1 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A Grandmother's Recollections

Common questions about reading A Grandmother's Recollections by Ella Rodman Church on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A Grandmother's Recollections?

Yes. All 1372 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #11427 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A Grandmother's Recollections is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #11427, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A Grandmother's Recollections take to read?

About 114 minutes of reading across 275 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A Grandmother's Recollections section by section

How to work through A Grandmother's Recollections section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 16 chapters of A Grandmother's Recollections to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A Grandmother's Recollections

Words and structures a reader meets early in A Grandmother's Recollections, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Bed-chamber
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Grandmother's Recollections; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Hangings
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Grandmother's Recollections; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Crimson
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Grandmother's Recollections; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Moreen
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A Grandmother's Recollections; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.