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A History of American Literature
A History of American Literature

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

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Context Illustration Reading 1/32 · 5 lines
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THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.
They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.
There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."
The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":
They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.
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LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of American Literature

Chapter II

Chapter 2 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 162 sentences across 33 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/32 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.
/ðə ˈɜːrliəst vɜːrs ˌɔːlˈðoʊ ɪt ɪz ˈdʒenərəli sed ʌv ðə ˈpjʊrətənz ðæt ðeɪ wɜːr ˈæktʃuːəli ˈhɑːstəl tuː ɔːl ðə ɑːrts ðer ɪz əˈbʌndənt pruːf ðæt ðeɪ hæd ə ˈlaɪkɪŋ fɔːr vɜːrs ənd ə ˈwaɪdˈspred ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən tuː traɪ ðer hændz æt ɪt/
Line 2
They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.
/ðeɪ roʊt məˈmɔːriəl ˈvɜːrsəz ʌv ðə moʊst ˈɪntrəkət ənd ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs sɔːrts səmˈtaɪmz ˈkɑːrvɪŋ ðem ɪn stoʊn æz ˈepətæfs/
Line 3
There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."
Line 4
The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":
/ðə oʊld kənˈsɜːrvətɪv ˈnevər roʊt mɔːr ˈwaɪzli ðæn ɪn ðɪs ˈsoʊˈkɔːld sɔːŋ/
Line 5
They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Canaan noun US /ˈkeɪnən/

an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism

From this reading “There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."”

carving noun US /ˈkɑːrvɪŋ/

a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape

From this reading “They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.”

epitaphs noun US /ˈepətæfs/

plural of “epitaph” — an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there

From this reading “They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.”

intolerant adjective US /ˌɪnˈtɑːlərənt/

unwilling to tolerate difference of opinion

From this reading “There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."”

Morton's noun US /ˈmɔːrtənz/

possessive form of “morton” — United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)

From this reading “There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."”

Puritans noun US /ˈpjʊrətənz/

plural of “puritan” — a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading “THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.”

Ward's noun US /wɔːrdz/

possessive form of “ward” — a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading “There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."”

widespread adjective US /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading “THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

most intricate adverb + adjective

In this reading “They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.”

All words in this reading · 75

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

abundantadjectiveUS /əˈbʌndənt/

present in great quantity

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

actuallyadverbUS /ˈæktʃuːəli/

in actual fact

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

AlthoughconjunctionUS /ˌɔːlˈðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

artsnounUS /ɑːrts/

studies intended to provide general knowledge and intellectual skills (rather than occupational or professional skills)

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

asconjunctionUS /æz/

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

atprepositionUS /æt/

in or near a particular place or position

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

beginverbUS /bɪˈɡɪn/

take the first step or steps in carrying out an action

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

butconjunctionUS /bʌt/

used to introduce something that contrasts with what came before

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

CanaannounUS /ˈkeɪnən/

an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea; a place of pilgrimage for Christianity and Islam and Judaism

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

carvingnounUS /ˈkɑːrvɪŋ/

a sculpture created by removing material (as wood or ivory or stone) in order to create a desired shape

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

Cobler

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

conservativeadjectiveUS /kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/

resistant to change, particularly in relation to politics or religion

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

EARLIESTadjectiveUS /ˈɜːrliəst/

(comparative and superlative of “early”) more early than; most early

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

endnounUS /end/

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

epitaphsnounUS /ˈepətæfs/

plural of “epitaph” — an inscription on a tombstone or monument in memory of the person buried there

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

fieldnounUS /fiːld/

a piece of land cleared of trees and usually enclosed

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

forprepositionUS /fɔːr/

intended to be given to, or used by, somebody

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

generallyadverbUS /ˈdʒenərəli/

usually; as a rule

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

handsnounUS /hændz/

(with “in”) guardianship over; in divorce cases it is the right to house and care for and discipline a child

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

hostileadjectiveUS /ˈhɑːstəl/

characterized by enmity or ill will

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

inclinationnounUS /ˌɪnkləˈneɪʃən/

an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

ingeniousadjectiveUS /ɪnˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

Clever, original, and remarkably inventive in design and execution.

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

intolerantadjectiveUS /ˌɪnˈtɑːlərənt/

unwilling to tolerate difference of opinion

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

intricateadjectiveUS /ˈɪntrəkət/

having many complexly arranged elements; elaborate

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

isauxiliary verbUS /ɪz/

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

itpronounUS /ɪt/

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

lessadverbUS /les/

used to form the comparative of some adjectives and adverbs

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

likingnounUS /ˈlaɪkɪŋ/

a feeling of pleasure and enjoyment

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

loseverbUS /luːz/

fail to keep or to maintain; cease to have, either physically or in an abstract sense

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

memorialnounUS /məˈmɔːriəl/

a recognition of meritorious service

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

moreadjectiveUS /mɔːr/

(comparative of “much” used with mass nouns) a quantifier meaning greater in size or amount or extent or degree

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

Morton'snounUS /ˈmɔːrtənz/

possessive form of “morton” — United States jazz musician who moved from ragtime to New Orleans jazz (1885-1941)

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

mostadverbUS /moʊst/

used to form the superlative

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

neveradverbUS /ˈnevər/

not ever; at no time in the past or future

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

oftenadverbUS /ˈɔːfən/

many times at short intervals

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

oldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

proofnounUS /pruːf/

any factual evidence that helps to establish the truth of something

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

PuritansnounUS /ˈpjʊrətənz/

plural of “puritan” — a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

saidadjectiveUS /sed/

being the one previously mentioned or spoken of

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

seldomadverbUS /ˈseldəm/

not often

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

so-calledadjectiveUS /ˈsoʊˈkɔːld/

doubtful or suspect

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

sometimesadverbUS /səmˈtaɪmz/

on certain occasions or in certain cases but not always

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

songnounUS /sɔːŋ/

a short musical composition with words

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

sortsnounUS /sɔːrts/

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

sprinkledverbUS /ˈsprɪŋkəld/

past form of “sprinkle” — distribute loosely

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

stonenounUS /stoʊn/

a lump or mass of hard consolidated mineral matter

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

thanconjunctionUS /ðæn/

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

thatconjunctionUS /ðæt/

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

thereadverbUS /ðer/

in or at that place or location

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

throughprepositionUS /θruː/

from one end or side of something to the other

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

tryverbUS /traɪ/

make an effort or attempt

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

unregenerateadjective

tenaciously unwilling or marked by tenacious unwillingness to yield

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

VERSEnounUS /vɜːrs/

literature in metrical form

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

versesnounUS /ˈvɜːrsəz/

plural of “verse” — literature in metrical form

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

Ward'snounUS /wɔːrdz/

possessive form of “ward” — a person who is under the protection or in the custody of another

From this reading There is less verse sprinkled through the unregenerate Morton's "Canaan" than there is in the intolerant Ward's "Cobler."

Warres

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

WhopronounUS /huː/

which person or people

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

widespreadadjectiveUS /ˈwaɪdˈspred/

widely circulated or diffused

From this reading THE EARLIEST VERSE Although it is generally said of the Puritans that they were actually hostile to all the arts, there is abundant proof that they had a liking for verse and a widespread inclination to try their hands at it.

winverbUS /wɪn/

be the winner in a contest or competition; be victorious

From this reading They seldom lose the field, but often win, Who end their Warres, before their Warres begin.

wiselyadverbUS /ˈwaɪzli/

in a wise manner

From this reading The old conservative never wrote more wisely than in this so-called "song":

wroteverbUS /roʊt/

inflected form of “write” — produce a literary work

From this reading They wrote memorial verses of the most intricate and ingenious sorts, sometimes carving them in stone as epitaphs.

Chapter 2 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton holds 162 sentences, grouped into 33 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 2 of A History of American Literature contain?

Chapter 2 holds 162 sentences of A History of American Literature, unabridged, divided into 33 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 2 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 162 sentences, grouped into 33 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 2 of A History of American Literature?

Work through the 33 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 33 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 2 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 2 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A History of American Literature

Common questions about reading A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A History of American Literature?

Yes. All 8487 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45353 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A History of American Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45353, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A History of American Literature take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A History of American Literature section by section

How to work through A History of American Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of A History of American Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

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  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A History of American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reproduce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.