Chapter IV

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

on the subject of; concerning

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

possessing life

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

past form of “appear” — give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

the form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

a privileged class holding hereditary titles

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

at the same time that; because; in the way that

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

the past participle of “be”

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

gum resin used especially in treating skin irritation

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

brought into existence

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

having great (or a certain) extent from one side to the other

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

showing who or what does the action

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

a period of 100 years

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

definite but not specified or identified

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

cut into pieces

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

plural of “conclusion” — a position or opinion or judgment reached after consideration

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

travel across or pass over

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

plural of “current” — a flow of electricity through a conductor

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

the condition of being susceptible to harm or injury

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

being changed over time so as to be e.g. stronger or more complete or more useful

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

plural of “doctrine” — a belief (or system of beliefs) accepted as authoritative by some group or school

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

-ing form of “do” — engage in

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

an illustration that is drawn by hand and published in a book, magazine, or newspaper

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

at or near the beginning of a period of time or course of events or before the usual or expected time

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

American theologian whose sermons and writings stimulated a period of renewed interest in religion in America (1703-1758)

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

either extremity of something that has length

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

plural of “excursion” — a journey taken for pleasure

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

beyond what is ordinary or usual; highly unusual or exceptional or remarkable

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

plural of “fact” — a piece of information about circumstances that exist or events that have occurred

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

to a considerable degree; very much

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

produced by or subjected to forcing

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

United States historian noted for studies of Black American history (born in 1915)

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

showing where something starts, or who sent it

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

to or at a greater extent or degree or a more advanced stage (“further” is used more often than “farther” in this abstract sense)

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

highest in quality

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

used with a past participle to form the perfect tenses

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

belonging to a woman, girl, or female animal already mentioned

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

practices that are handed down from the past by tradition

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

belonging to a man, boy, or male animal already mentioned

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

moving to the inside of something

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

the form of “be” used with he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

a thing, animal, or idea already mentioned

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

red late-ripening apple; primarily eaten raw

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

undertake a journey or trip

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

cause to continue in a certain state, position, or activity; e.g., “keep clean”

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

(especially of promises or contracts) not violated or disregarded

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

originally a person of noble birth trained to arms and chivalry; today in Great Britain a person honored by the sovereign for personal merit

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

having or showing profound knowledge

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

a characteristic state or mode of living

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

the branch of philosophy that analyzes inference

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

produced by a manufacturing process

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

used to say something is possible, or to give permission

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

past form of “mention” — make reference to

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

The element of a person that enables awareness and thought.

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

a form of address for a married woman

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

in accordance with nature; relating to or concerning nature

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

past form of “obscure” — make less visible or unclear

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

and nothing more

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

The study of the fundamental nature of knowledge, reality, and existence. (Triết học, đạo lý nhân sinh.)

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

intelligence achieved far ahead of normal developmental schedules

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

make a promise or commitment

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

a member of a group of English Protestants who in the 16th and 17th centuries thought that the Protestant Reformation under Elizabeth was incomplete and advocated the simplification and regulation of forms of worship

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

the political orientation of those who favor revolutionary change in government and society

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

concerned with sacred matters or religion or the church

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

possessing material wealth

From this reading He was born in 1703 with a rich heritage from the learned aristocracy.

a particular branch of scientific knowledge

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

plural of “sea” — a division of an ocean or a large body of salt water partially enclosed by land

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

give a certain impression or have a certain outward aspect

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

used to say what is right, expected, or advisable

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

past form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

comparative of “simple” — having few parts; not complex or complicated or involved

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

plural of “sort” — a category of things distinguished by some common characteristic or quality

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

past form of “struggle” — make a strenuous or labored effort

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

plural of “tendency” — an attitude of mind especially one that favors one alternative over others

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

used to introduce the second part of a comparison

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

used to introduce what somebody said, thought, or felt

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

the plural of “this”: the people or things near, or just mentioned

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

the content of cognition; the main thing you are thinking about

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

of persons; marked by failure to realize full potentialities

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.

characteristic of false pride; having an exaggerated sense of self-importance

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

plural of “wave” — one of a series of ridges that moves across the surface of a liquid (especially across a large body of water)

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

the speaker together with one or more other people

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

at the time that

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading It should be kept in mind that these are only certain broad currents of thought, tendencies which were obscured by all sorts of cross waves and chop seas.

including all components without exception; being one unit or constituting the full amount or extent or duration; complete

From this reading JONATHAN EDWARDS AND BENJAMIN FRANKLIN The danger in drawing conclusions about a whole century, as we have been doing, is that the facts may be forced to seem far simpler than they were.

in the company of; together with

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

a period of time containing 365 (or 366) days

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading And it should be mentioned that the Puritan with the greatest mind of them all, Jonathan Edwards, was only a year old when Mrs. Knight made her journey to New York, and that to the end of his life, in 1758, he struggled in vain to keep alive the logic of the old religious doctrines.

a young person (especially a young man or boy)

From this reading As a youth he showed extraordinary precocity, which appeared in his early excursions into philosophy and natural science and developed further in the unfulfilled promise of religious radicalism.