Complete classic literature • Five-line readings • Clear US narration
VELMORA ACADEMY
Academy of Archival Languages & Memory Studies
Menu Close
A History of American Literature
A History of American Literature

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Cover illustration for A History of American Literature
Context Illustration Reading 1/33 · 5 lines
English subtitles · tap any word to listen 1 / 5
THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.
Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.
The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.
The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.
Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.
0:00 / 0:00
Speed 0.75x
AI-generated narration by OpenAI · Slow US English
LEARNER DICTIONARY
Archivist
/ˈɑːrkɪvɪst/
Editorial verification pending

A keeper or guardian of historical records and memories.

A History of American Literature

Chapter XIII

Chapter 13 of A History of American Literature is here in full — 168 sentences across 34 reading sections, with audio for every sentence and word.

Reading 1/33 · 5 reading units · Lines 1–5

Line 1
THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.
Line 2
Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.
Line 3
The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.
Line 4
The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.
/ðə tuː proʊz ˈraɪtərz ɪn pərˈtɪkjələr hæd ʃoʊn ˈtælənts ʌv wɪtʃ ðer ˈkʌntrimɪn kʊd biː praʊd ənd hæd ˌɪntrəˈduːst ðə nuː wɜːrld tuː ðə oʊld/
Line 5
Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.
/jet ðoʊ ðer feɪm wɑːz ˈdestɪnd tuː laɪv ðer ˈɪnfluːəns ɑːn ˈʌðər ˈɔːθərz wɑːz baʊnd tuː daɪ wɪð ðem bɪˈkɔːz ðeɪ boʊθ wɜːr ˈlʊkɪŋ ˈbækwərd/

Learner Dictionary

These definitions explain words found in the current reading and keep every example grounded in its original sentence.

Oxford-style entry order: headword, part of speech, US IPA, concise definition, contextual example, and audio.

Hawthorne noun US /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

Irving noun US /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading “THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.”

leadership noun US /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading “THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.”

Longfellow noun US /ˈlɔːŋfeloʊ/

United States poet remembered for his long narrative poems (1807-1882)

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

Lowell noun US /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

Thoreau noun US /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

trio noun US /ˈtriːoʊ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

Whittier noun US /ˈwɪtiər/

United States poet best known for his nostalgic poems about New England (1807-1892)

From this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

Word partnerships in these lines

English keeps certain words together, and knowing the pair is worth more than knowing each word alone. Every partnership below was counted across our whole published library, and earns its place by appearing far more often than two unrelated words of the same frequency would.

Shown as this reading writes them, with the form the library counts, what kind of pairing it is, and how often it occurs.

prose writers noun + noun counted as “prose writer”

In this reading “The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.”

full career adjective + noun

In this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

four men noun + noun

In this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

New World adjective + noun

the hemisphere that includes North America and South America

In this reading “The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.”

full powers adjective + noun counted as “full power”

In this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

came into verb + particle counted as “come into”

obtain, especially accidentally

In this reading “Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.”

All words in this reading · 85

Every word in these five lines is listed here, and every one of them can be played on its own.

Dictionary details are shown only when verified; these are not licensed Oxford entries.

1850

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

1859

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

adeterminerUS /ə/

used before a singular noun to mean one of a group, when it is not a particular one

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

alladjectiveUS /ɔːl/

(quantifier) used with either mass or count nouns to indicate the whole number or amount of or every one of a class

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

AmericannounUS /əˈmerəkən/

a native or inhabitant of the United States

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

andconjunctionUS /ənd/

used to join words or parts of a sentence that go together

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

authorsnounUS /ˈɔːθərz/

plural of “author” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

backwardadverbUS /ˈbækwərd/

at or to or toward the back or rear

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

beauxiliary verbUS /biː/

used with a past participle to form the passive, or with -ing for continuous tenses

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

becauseconjunctionUS /bɪˈkɔːz/

for the reason that

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

beforeprepositionUS /bɪˈfɔːr/

earlier than; in front of

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

bothdeterminerUS /boʊθ/

the two together, not just one

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

boundadjectiveUS /baʊnd/

confined by bonds

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

Bryant

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

byprepositionUS /baɪ/

showing who or what does the action

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

cameverbUS /keɪm/

inflected form of “come” — move toward, travel toward something or somebody or approach something or somebody

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

careernounUS /kərˈɪr/

the particular occupation for which you are trained

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

CoopernounUS /ˈkuːpər/

United States industrialist who built the first American locomotive; founded Cooper Union in New York City to offer free courses in the arts and sciences (1791-1883)

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

couldmodal verbUS /kʊd/

the past of “can”; used for possibility or polite requests

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

countrymennounUS /ˈkʌntrimɪn/

plural of “countryman” — a man from your own country

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

deathnounUS /deθ/

the event of dying or departure from life

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

destinedadjectiveUS /ˈdestɪnd/

headed or intending to head in a certain direction; often used as a combining form as in “college-bound students”

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

dieverbUS /daɪ/

pass from physical life and lose all bodily attributes and functions necessary to sustain life

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

distinguishedadjectiveUS /dɪˈstɪŋɡwɪʃt/

(used of persons) standing above others in character or attainment or reputation

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

doneadjectiveUS /dʌn/

having finished or arrived at completion

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

easternadjectiveUS /ˈiːstərn/

lying toward or situated in the east

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

EmersonnounUS /ˈemərsən/

United States writer and leading exponent of transcendentalism (1803-1882)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

famenounUS /feɪm/

the state or quality of being widely honored and acclaimed

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

fournounUS /fɔːr/

the cardinal number that is the sum of three and one

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

fulladjectiveUS /fʊl/

containing as much or as many as is possible or normal

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

hadauxiliary verbUS /hæd/

the past form of “have”, used to form the past perfect

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

HawthornenounUS /ˈhɔːθɔːrn/

United States writer of novels and short stories mostly on moral themes (1804-1864)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

HolmesnounUS /hoʊmz/

a fictitious detective in stories by A. Conan Doyle

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

inprepositionUS /ɪn/

inside something, or within a place, period, or state

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

IndeedadverbUS /ˌɪnˈdiːd/

in truth (often tends to intensify)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

influencenounUS /ˈɪnfluːəns/

a power to affect persons or events especially power based on prestige etc

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

intoprepositionUS /ˈɪntuː/

moving to the inside of something

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

introducedverbUS /ˌɪntrəˈduːst/

past form of “introduce” — cause to come to know personally

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

IrvingnounUS /ˈɜːrvɪŋ/

United States writer remembered for his stories (1783-1859)

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

leadershipnounUS /ˈliːdərʃɪp/

the activity of leading

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

lettersnounUS /ˈletərz/

the literary culture

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

liveverbUS /laɪv/

be an inhabitant of or reside in

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

livingnounUS /ˈlɪvɪŋ/

the experience of being alive; the course of human events and activities

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

LongfellownounUS /ˈlɔːŋfeloʊ/

United States poet remembered for his long narrative poems (1807-1882)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

lookingnounUS /ˈlʊkɪŋ/

the act of directing the eyes toward something and perceiving it visually

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

lostadjectiveUS /lɔːst/

no longer in your possession or control; unable to be found or recovered

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

LowellnounUS /ˈloʊəl/

United States poet (1917-1977)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

MassachusettsnounUS /ˌmæsəˈtʃuːsəts/

a state in New England; one of the original 13 colonies

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

mennounUS /men/

the force of workers available

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

NewadjectiveUS /nuː/

not of long duration; having just (or relatively recently) come into being or been made or acquired or discovered

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

ofprepositionUS /ʌv/

belonging to, or connected with, somebody or something

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

OldadjectiveUS /oʊld/

(used especially of persons) having lived for a relatively long time or attained a specific age

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

onprepositionUS /ɑːn/

touching and supported by a surface

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

otheradjectiveUS /ˈʌðər/

not the same one or ones already mentioned or implied

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

particularadjectiveUS /pərˈtɪkjələr/

unique or specific to a person or thing or category

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

passingnounUS /ˈpæsɪŋ/

(American football) a play that involves one player throwing the ball to a teammate

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

powersnounUS /ˈpaʊərz/

plural of “power” — possession of controlling influence

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

prosenounUS /proʊz/

ordinary writing as distinguished from verse

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

proudadjectiveUS /praʊd/

feeling self-respect or pleasure in something by which you measure your self-worth; or being a reason for pride

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

shownverbUS /ʃoʊn/

inflected form of “show” — give an exhibition of to an interested audience

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

talentsnounUS /ˈtælənts/

plural of “talent” — natural abilities or qualities

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

THEdeterminerUS /ðə/

used before a noun that is already known, already mentioned, or the only one of its kind

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

theirdeterminerUS /ðer/

belonging to the people or things already mentioned

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

thempronounUS /ðem/

the people or things already mentioned, as the object

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

theypronounUS /ðeɪ/

the people, animals, or things already mentioned, as the subject

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

thisdeterminerUS /ðɪs/

used for a person or thing that is near, or that has just been mentioned

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

ThoreaunounUS /θərˈoʊ/

United States writer and social critic (1817-1862)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

thoughconjunctionUS /ðoʊ/

in spite of the fact that

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

toparticleUS /tuː/

used before the base form of a verb to make the infinitive

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

TRANSCENDENTALISTS

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

trionounUS /ˈtriːoʊ/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one and one

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

twonounUS /tuː/

the cardinal number that is the sum of one and one or a numeral representing this number

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

veryadjectiveUS /ˈveri/

precisely as stated

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

wasauxiliary verbUS /wɑːz/

the past form of “be” used with I, he, she, it, or a singular noun

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

wereauxiliary verbUS /wɜːr/

the past form of “be” used with you, we, they, or a plural noun

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

whichpronounUS /wɪtʃ/

used to introduce a clause giving more about a thing just mentioned

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

whileconjunctionUS /waɪl/

during the time that

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

WhittiernounUS /ˈwɪtiər/

United States poet best known for his nostalgic poems about New England (1807-1892)

From this reading Indeed, by 1850, while all this trio were living, four men in eastern Massachusetts were in full career,--Emerson, Longfellow, Lowell, and Whittier; and before the death of Irving, in 1859, Hawthorne, Thoreau, and Holmes came into their full powers.

WithprepositionUS /wɪð/

in the company of; together with

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

workverbUS /wɜːrk/

exert oneself by doing mental or physical work for a purpose or out of necessity

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

WorldnounUS /wɜːrld/

everything that exists anywhere

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

writersnounUS /ˈraɪtərz/

plural of “writer” — writes (books or stories or articles or the like) professionally (for pay)

From this reading The two prose writers in particular had shown talents of which their countrymen could be proud and had introduced the New World to the Old.

YetconjunctionUS /jet/

but in spite of that

From this reading Yet, though their fame was destined to live, their influence on other authors was bound to die with them because they both were looking backward.

YorknounUS /jɔːrk/

the English royal house (a branch of the Plantagenet line) that reigned from 1461 to 1485; its emblem was a white rose

From this reading THE TRANSCENDENTALISTS With the passing of Irving, Cooper, and Bryant the leadership in American letters was lost to New York.

Yorkers

Dictionary entry pending editorial verification. Tap Listen to hear the word.

From this reading The New Yorkers had done a very distinguished work.

Chapter 13 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton holds 168 sentences, grouped into 34 reading sections of at most 5 sentences. The text is the source edition, unabridged, and the chapter records which sentences cover which part of the work so that nothing is dropped. Every word can be tapped for its pronunciation and dictionary entry.

What does chapter 13 of A History of American Literature contain?

Chapter 13 holds 168 sentences of A History of American Literature, unabridged, divided into 34 reading sections.

This page carries chapter 13 of A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton exactly as it stands in the source edition, without abridgement. It runs to 168 sentences, grouped into 34 sections of at most 5 sentences so that a reader can take the chapter in steady, finishable pieces. The chapter also stores a coverage record mapping every one of its sentences to a part of the work, which is how the edition demonstrates that no line was dropped.

How do I study chapter 13 of A History of American Literature?

Work through the 34 sections in order, replaying any sentence and tapping unfamiliar words for their entries.

Each of the 34 sections in this chapter is short enough to read once, hear once, and then re-read with the vocabulary in view. Tapping a word plays it alone and opens its dictionary entry with IPA, part of speech and meaning, so the reader is never forced to guess a pronunciation from spelling. Working section by section keeps a long chapter from becoming an undifferentiated wall of text, which is the usual reason a reader abandons a work of this period.

Can chapter 13 be read aloud to me?

Yes — every sentence and every individual word in chapter 13 can be played aloud in United States English.

Audio covers the whole chapter: any sentence can be played, and any single word within it can be played on its own. The voice uses United States English. For a work of this period that matters, because spelling is an unreliable guide to pronunciation for vocabulary that has fallen out of daily use, and a learner who guesses wrong tends to keep the error. Hearing the word in its own sentence, and then alone, settles it.

Questions about reading A History of American Literature

Common questions about reading A History of American Literature by Percy Holmes Boynton on this page, its source edition and its audio.

Is this the complete text of A History of American Literature?

Yes. All 8487 sentences of Project Gutenberg eBook #45353 are kept, with a record of which sentences cover which part.

Which edition of A History of American Literature is used?

Project Gutenberg eBook #45353, unabridged. The Project Gutenberg header, footer and licence are removed.

How long does A History of American Literature take to read?

About 600 minutes of reading across 1698 sections of 5 sentences each, at an unhurried pace.

How to read A History of American Literature section by section

How to work through A History of American Literature section by section, using the audio and the tap-to-define vocabulary.

  1. Open a chapter

    Choose one of the 29 chapters of A History of American Literature to begin.

  2. Read one section

    Each section holds 5 sentences; read it once through.

  3. Listen and tap

    Play the section aloud, then tap any unfamiliar word for its entry.

Vocabulary met early in A History of American Literature

Words and structures a reader meets early in A History of American Literature, each tappable for pronunciation and meaning.

Version
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Unable
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Reproduce
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.
Certain
A word that appears in the opening chapter of A History of American Literature; the reader can tap it to hear it and see its dictionary entry.